Holding Media Accountable

Holding Media Accountable Question: Are the news media adequately accountable for their reporting? Is there a need for legislative reform? There is a common concern that the news media in the modern age is no longer being held accountable for its reporting; that is, not fulfilling the expectation that it behaves in a certain way that contributes to the public good (particularly in relation to the political sphere). Since the late 17th century the medias vital role in democratic governance has been evident as a result of its significant power and function to oversee the actions of the government (Schultz 1998). To this day this role of the media remains to be a fundamental aspect of both modern democratic theory and practice. In this essay, the news medias general role in a democracy will be examined, such as the way in which it promotes it and its impact on the protection of human rights. Additionally, the various constraints in certain democracies that can limit the medias ability to always hold a positive role will be explored in order to expose possible legislative reforms to enhance media accountability. Finally, th e ways in which the media is used in order to support development and democracy will be examined, such as its historical victories in exposing government corruption and instigating reconciliation between warring groups. Whether or not the news media is adequately accountable for its reporting depends on the particular democracy in which it exists as they can vary greatly. This essay will contend that in developed democracies (such as Australia) the medias accountability can be perceived as adequate at this point in time, however it will also acknowledge that legislative reform is certainly needed in many other democracies that are less established. Democracy is near impossible to be achieved without a free press; through playing a myriad of key roles that will be discussed an adequate level of accountability to the public can be maintained for the medias reporting. The press is widely called the Fourth Estate to describe it as a somewhat additional branch of government that ensures those governing are kept in check (Schultz 1998). Without the providing of this check and balance, governments cannot truly be effective. Thomas Jefferson as a key historic governmental figure supported this idea, arguing that the truth of any matter will only emerge through the exchanging of information via the press (Holmes 1991). The notion of the media being a watchdog is widely accepted; that is, it acts as a guardian of the public interest that ensures citizens are consistently well informed on the actions of political officials and institutions (Schultz 1998). Particularly in those democracies that are less developed where legislatures and jud iciaries are either powerless or corrupt, the media is often left as the last bastion against the abuse of power (Schultz 1998). Furthermore, the presence of the media provides for a vital arena of public debate between those that govern and the governed. This increased level of debate not only ensures that every citizen is given the opportunity to contribute, but it also allows for enhanced decision making due to the collaboration of many different views and ideas (Holmes 1991). In contrast (for further elaboration), during authoritarian rule, obviously the quality of the laws and policies established were significantly lower due to minimal discussion and debate and the absence of a free and accountable media to help build a civic culture (Schultz 1998). Sen (1999 Pg 43) described critical public discussion to be an extremely important requirement [for] good public policy. Additionally, the medias accountability is particularly evident when one looks at disaster. Sen (1999) makes a further point in relation to this, asserting that a free press in a functioning democracy contributes greatly through the spread of information (which somewhat acts as an early warning system) that can significantly impact policies for (e.g.) famine prevention. The United Nations Development Programme (1997) adds to this, contending that if (for example) poverty is to be addressed, equally as important is the transfer of information to those in need. This is due to the fact that it would allow for them to participate in the political process and public life; it is difficult for an individual to assert their rights if they dont even know they exist. Through the media involving those that are marginalised, their views and issues become part of public debate, and thus the likelihood that these views be addressed is obviously far more likely than if they remain unheard (Sen 1999). The media plays a very important role via its accountability in a democratic society; nonetheless constrai nts do exist in some democracies that attempt to compromise this role. Particularly in newly established democracies, the reality is that the medias accountability can be affected negatively, prompting the potential need for legislative reform. Despite constitutional guarantees, in many democracies the media is greatly restricted by over-bearing laws, monopolistic ownership, and sometimes even physical force. In 2002, 136 journalists were imprisoned and 20 were killed as a result of their reporting in new democracies not satisfying the authorities (Committee to Protect Journalists 2003). In addition to state control constraints, a mostly global trend is beginning to dominate media markets in the modern age as a result of increased organisational competition. This involves a dumbing down of the news; in other words, an increased focus on shallow and sensational topics that aim more so to entertain rather than inform audiences of matters that are far more important (Selizer 2004). Consequently, public discourse is also negatively impacted as populations r espond to this dumbed down news that they are receiving (Selizer 2004). So not only does this modern worldwide trend compromise media accountability to the public, it also affects the publics own ability to recognise good news from bad news, making demands for change far less likely to substantiate. Moreover, in many countries ownership of the media is often controlled by just a few large dominating corporations that have taken over all smaller news organisations. With this high concentration of media ownership, there is not only minimal diversity but also strong biases in the news being presented to us (Djankov 2001 et al). Media tycoons (particularly in new democracies) tend to use their broadcast stations or newspapers to pursue their own vested interests such as the promotion of their business interests and political agenda (Djankov 2001 et al). In essence, the interests of these few people are manipulating the media through themselves determining the content that is to be publi cised. In order to address some of these constraints on the media, recommendations can certainly be made to attempt at instigating action for change where it is needed. For instance, sometimes the media is targeted by particularly powerful people and groups that endeavour to silence it to benefit their own interests. Primarily in developing democracies where (for example) strict licensing requirements may be demanded of the media, it is of paramount importance that authoritarian laws such as this are repealed and replaced with more liberal legislation (Committee to Protect Journalists 2003). Additionally, legal and judicial reforms are vital to ensure that journalists rights are enforced in court while those that do them harm are prosecuted. Only this way can it be ensured that the media has the freedom to report on important issues and remain accountable to the public. It is to be acknowledged that media laws in developed democracies are certainly far from perfect, and indeed they could be tweaked to improve media accountability. However, the Australian media for example, enjoys a large amount of freedom with guaranteed rights protecting it and is thus significantly safe from harm or stringent laws. As a result, it can be argued that legislative reform is not of immediate importance. A final area to be discussed in this essay is the medias practices that have promoted democracy and positive governance, shedding light on its accountability to the public. News organisations in many countries epitomise the democratic ideal of the media as a tool for information, a public forum, and as an establisher of consensus and harmony. If a society is to be truly democratic citizen participation is paramount; the media acknowledges this through ensuring that the populations are consistently engaged with the latest in the political sphere (Schultz 1998). For example, aiding them to make informed choices in regards to whom they should vote for and the particular policies that should and shouldnt be supported. Through mediums such as public-affairs programs the media provides enough detailed information to equip voters with the ability to be able to critically analyse the political sphere and are thus likely to engage with it far more than they would otherwise be capable of (Schultz 1998). In the modern age of widespread global travel it is especially difficult for a countrys media to inform all of its citizens when they inhabit other areas across t he world (Zelizer 2004). As a result, the use of the internet as a medium for the transfer of information has been adopted and proven to be highly effective. For example, early in the 21st century in the Romanian local elections, a large array of online information portals were established to ensure access to the latest political news was available to even citizens living on the other side of the world (Ulmanu 2000). Once again, this is evidence of the media endeavouring to fulfil its accountability to the public; in this way it is through acting not only as an information tool but as a public forum for critical debate. Also related to this is the way in which the media acts as a builder of peace and consensus. This is relevant because if violence and strife exists within a democratic society, the political process cannot consequently thrive as a result of peaceful critical discussion likely to be non-existent. In many societies the media tends to play a key role in providing method s of mediation to warring groups with the aim of public order being re-taken as promptly as possible (Bambang 2002). Many critics argue that this is not the case, and that the media itself often fuels violence via (e.g.) reporting incorrect facts and reinforcing prejudices (Bambang 2002). For example, in the midst of the mass conflict in Rwanda during the 1990s, a radio station (funded by international donations) was being used by extremists in support of genocide (Bambang 2002). While there are indeed cases in the past that depict poor actions on the medias part in fulfilling its accountability, much has been done to reverse this. For instance, many media organisations worldwide now train their journalists in what is dubbed peace journalism (Bambang 2002). This consists of the promotion of reconciliation via careful reportage that does not take stances on particular topics but rather gives voice to all of the differing viewpoints. Further, peace journalism resists justifications fo r violence, and rather than focusing on the violence itself it magnifies the affects it is having upon innocent individuals and communities (Bambang 2002). Not only this, it also attempts to bridge differences between warring groups in the hopes of a resolution being achieved. In the modern age (particularly in highly developed democracies) this form of reporting is the default method in times of war/crises. It can be concluded that the news media is indeed adequately accountable for its reporting, and at this time it does not need to be a priority to attain further legislative reform. Of course, it is important to recognise that this certainly depends upon the particular democratic society in which is being focused on as they can vary significantly in regards to their medias and their levels of accountability to that particular society. However, in most developed democracies the medias reporting can be perceived as currently adequate. This has been supported in this essay through referring to the various roles the media can be seen to play in the publics interest. It acts as a watchdog (or more formally as the Fourth Estate) in order to ensure the government is kept in check and power is not abused; additionally it often acts effectively as a bridge between the public and the government when there is corruption amongst institutional bodies. It acts as a public arena in which all citizen s are given the opportunity to contribute to the political process; this allows for improved decision making which leads to the establishment of laws that apply to the population as a whole (including those living in poverty that would otherwise have no knowledge (or access) of political participation. Secondly, this essay addressed the various constraints upon the media (particularly in those democracies that are relatively new and less developed). In some of these cases media accountability is not adequate and legislative reform would be ideal to (for example) protect journalists from any form of harm or harassment that compromises their ability to report truthfully and remain accountable to the public. Finally, the media plays the role of an information tool and public forum, educating voters on the latest political updates (regardless of their location) and thus protecting the threads of democracy that citizen participation is central to. In addition to this, such participation is made possible through the media promoting peace and consensus, endeavouring to keep conflict and violence levels low so as to not disrupt the political process and voters vital role in it. The media acts as a very important mechanism for democracy through public accountability. While this can at times be compromised, all in all it is adequate at this time and legislative reform should not be considered a priority. BIBLIOGRAPHY: Bambang Wisudo. P (2002), Broadening Access to Information as a Way of Ending War Journalism, paper presented in a conference on Access to Information in Southeast Asia, Thailand. Committee to Protect Journalists (2003), Attacks on the Press in 2002, New York: Committee to Protect Journalists. Djankov. S, McLeish. C, Nenova. T, Shleifer. A, (2001), Who Owns the Media? Draft paper for the World Bank’s World Development Report. Holmes, Stephen (1991), Liberal constraints on private power? Democracy and the Mass Media, Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, pp. 21-42. Schultz, Julianne (1998), Reviving the Fourth Estate. Democracy, Accountability and the Media, Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. Sen, Amartya (1999), Development and Freedom, New York: Anchor Books. Ulmanu, Alex (2000), â€Å"Romanian Election Enters Net Battleground,† in Online Journalism Review, retrieved from http://www.ojr.org/ojr/technology/1017962590.php. United Nations Development Programme, Corruption and Good Governance: Discussion Paper 3, (1997), published by the Management Development and Governance Division, Bureau for Policy and Programme Support. Zelizer, B (2004), Taking Journalism Seriously: News and the Academy, London: Sage.

Civil Disobedience Essay

Historically, in your opinion, has civil disobedience been effective in changing the law? Explain why or why not. What laws do you disagree with or would you consider violating to change? Explain The act of knowingly breaking a law that one feels is morally or ethically unjust is termed Civil Disobedience. While we all have a perception of right and wrong, the guideline for this thinking is our moral compass. While many individuals may see inequalities or injustices in our society, only a few make a physical stand for what they perceive to be right. Some discourage the use of civil disobedience as a tool that should be used for change, the logic being that it directly contradicts our nation’s democratic system. Others support the peaceful act of protesting or challenging laws that are unjust. It is my opinion that while technically breaking the law, it is necessary as it brings immediate attention to an unjust law. As Martin Luther King Jr. stated and I quote â€Å"An individual who breaks a law that conscience tells him is unjust, and who willingly accepts the penalty of imprisonment in order to arouse the conscience of the community over its injustice, is in reality expressing the highest respect for the law.† Perfect examples of civil disobedience used to change laws are the Ms. Rosa Parks incident, as well as the prolonged civil rights movement initiated by Dr. King. While the above mentioned incidents of civil disobedience assisted in bringing attention to and ultimately changing unjust laws, this change was slow and not complete. One of the laws that I do not agree with is pertaining to parental rights. I feel that in the courts of law in regards to custody and parenting responsibilities, the father always gets the short end of the stick. Never have I seen things being fair and just, unless in the uncommon circumstance where the mother is clearly not fit to be a parent. In many cases the mother has custodial rights, but the child or children are neglected physically, mentally and financially. The mother just used the child for a means to gain financial support.

The Link Between Birth Order And Personality - 853 Words

Bleske-Rechek Kelley (2014) have noticed that past research on the link between birth order and personality seems to be biased in that data has been collected by only self-raters, which forces the single member to compare other members of family in relation to themselves. Bleske-Rechek Kelley argue that birth order effects on personality operate within the family-rearing environment, thus individual differences in personalities between firstborn and laterborn siblings must be measured in responses to the environment according to each member. To measure this, Bleske-Rechek Kelley required two siblings, either a firstborn and a laterborn or an older laterborn and the closest laterborn to them in age, one or both parents, and a same-sex peer of the original participant to fill out the 44-item Big Five Inventory (BFI; John, Donahue, Kentle, 1991). Siblings self-assessed, parents completed the test evaluating both of the children participating separately, and the peer evaluated the test according to their perceived original participants’ personality. Bleske-Rechek Kelley (2014) found that internal reliabilities for self, peer, and parent ratings of the Big Five factors were high. They found that self-other correlations were positive and that there was weak to moderate similarity between the siblings. Bleske-Rechek Kelley also discovered that siblings do not differ systematically as a function of birth order; their parents perceived similarities and differencesShow MoreRelatedBirth order and Personality Environment determines to some extent the personality of a person.800 Words   |  4 PagesBirth order and Personality Environment determines to some extent the personality of a person. There are numerous factors in the environment which could determine variations in the personalities of different individuals. There are factors which are inherent to the environment and there are those determined by the manner by which individuals enter into a particular environment. In much the same way, how an infants entrance into the world determines in large part how parents and others will respondRead MoreThe Birth Order And Personality1041 Words   |  5 PagesBirth Order, as in the order a child is born in their family, has been a popular topic for researchers and the general public for decades. Originally it was claimed that personality was determined by birth order and even now there are many stereotypes of the firstborn being mature and driven while the youngest child is often described as wild and rebellious (Bleske-Rechek and Kelley, 2013). Nowadays researchers find birth order and personality are unrela ted. Whether or not intelligence is relatedRead MoreBirth Order And Its Impact On Society1344 Words   |  6 Pagespeople is the role birth order has on their personalities and lives. Is birth order necessarily important? Does it honestly affect our personalities? Birth order has been controversial issue since biblical times for example Cain and Abel and Jacob and Esau. Psychologists have a lot of assumptions about how that individual behaves and responds to life whenever a person is a first born, middle child, youngest child, or only child. The questions remains, what difference does birth order make, and how trueRead MoreMy Sibling And I Have Very Different Personalities1739 Words   |  7 PagesMy sibling and I have very different personalities, nature resulted in conflict growing up. My sister Abbey and I are only eighteen months apart and have shared a room for as long as I can remember. We have polar opposite personalities and would fight constantly growing up. I am very in troverted, bring in large groups of people drains me. I like having time to myself but can be extroverted in social situations. I am a very easy-going flexible person and I try to avoid conflict as much as possibleRead MorePsychology : Personality Psychology Exam1709 Words   |  7 PagesPersonality Psychology EXAM 1 PART ONE: SHORT ANSWERS 1. Is being accurate the same as being reliable? Is it the same as valid? Being accurate is a measurement of how close data is to its real value. An accurate result is true (most real) to its real value. It differs from being reliable. Reliability is the measurement of consistency in results each time a test is repeated. For instance, if one is able to get the same results during an assessment more than once then the measurement is more thanRead MoreBiological Influences On Personality : Temperament, Personality, And Life Span Development1030 Words   |  5 PagesInfluences on Personality: Temperament. Personality is not just something we learn, there are also biological influences that help shape a person’s personality. Our book refers to temperament as biologically based emotional and behavioral tendencies that are evident in early childhood (Cervone D., Pervin, 2015 p.488). Each article provided an insight on how biology plays an important role in our personality/temperament. In the article Nature over nurture: Temperament, personality, and life spanRead MoreThe Individual Differences Approach to Personality: Personality is a term that has largely been1100 Words   |  5 PagesApproach to Personality: Personality is a term that has largely been considered an unproblematic concept and primarily refers to the varying kinds of characteristics of individuals. Despite this assumption, psychologists have constantly used the word in different ways. The varying views in the use of this concept or term are fueled by the fact that psychology usually makes generalizations regarding individuals. Generally, personality seeks to examine the many differences and similarities between individualsRead More#NAME?1749 Words   |  7 Pagesin a pink tommie sippy they would reconsider that other drinks come in a pink tommie sippy not just milk. - piaget grouped children’s learning into four broad stages. Sensori-motor aged between 0-2 years –Development of object permanence - Child begins to use symbols (E.G Language) Pre-operational aged between 2-7 years –child uses symbols in play and thought - Egocentrism - Centration - Animism - Inability to conserve Concrete operational aged 7-11 years – Ability to conserve - ChildrenRead MoreWedding Dresses Partnership, By Mario And Emily935 Words   |  4 Pagesstates that Jonathan, Mario and Emily created the â€Å"JME Wedding Dresses partnership†, which was started up in January 2014 under the Partnership act 1890. It is fundamental to acknowledge under which Act of Parliament a partnership has been opened up in order to identify and analyze which type of partnership it is. In fact, there are three main sorts of partnership: the General or Traditional partnership, that can be opened under the Partnership Act (1890), then there is the Limited Partnership that canRead MoreGrowth And Development Of Personality Psychology1208 Words   |  5 PagesCorissa Beairsto Personality Psychology 321 09/1/2014 Growth and Development in Personality Psychology With the growing research in Psychology, we find the question, â€Å"how did we get this way,† more common in development across the lifespan. (Cervone Parvin, 2013) Personality theorists are looking more at this question, pushing to understand personality development even more. Two main challenges are faced while studying personality development; the patterns of development consistent with what most

Of Mice and Men and Into the Wild Essay - 825 Words

Steinbeck’s ‘Of Mice and Men’ and Sean Penn’s ‘Into the Wild’ explore the fundamental themes of freedom, companionship and following your ambitions. (QUESTION). ‘Of Mice and Men’ is set during the Great Depression in which George and Lennie explore the realism of freedom and hardships by hoping to one day have their own farm. In contrast, Chris from ‘Into the Wild’ achieves ultimate freedom by choosing to run away and live in the wild. Both texts explore different perceptions of freedom. Steinbeck’s novel demonstrates how everyone’s perception of freedom is suppressed. George and Lennie’s idea of freedom is to have their own land and shield themselves from the peril of the world. However, they are denied this freedom because of their†¦show more content†¦The manifestation of handicapped characters such as Crooks having a crooked spine, or Lennie being mentally slow, metaphorically schemes the theme of men going ‘awry’ by trying to achieve a disillusioned dream. Penn’s film contradicts Steinbeck’s novel and shows that Chris indeed found happiness by following his ambitions. His ambitions involved trying to understand the human condition which can be seen through his zealous poetry when Chris states â€Å" Two years he walks the earth...The climactic battle to kill the false being within...No longer to be poisoned by civilization....† Chris wanted to und erstand the raw power of human experiences which he says is â€Å"...the core of man’s spirit...† and his dedication to fulfil this ambition led him to find what he was looking for and ultimately find happiness. Therefore in conclusion, the protagonists in â€Å"Of Mice and Men† and â€Å"Into the Wild† uniquely express the fundamental ideas of freedom, companionship and following your ambitions. Their desire for freedom is shared but their perception of obtaining it is different. Steinbeck shows that the ambitions of men will remain unfulfilled while Penn’s film depicts that the ultimate freedom is to share happiness.Show MoreRelatedThe For Bitter And Umami Stimuli1227 Words   |  5 Pagesway to experience taste in a way never examined before. This essay will go through two empirical research articles to see what the conclusion will be on this belief. When locating my two sources I started with the Auraria online library. I found a lot of sources but none of the journals were empirical research. I then went to ProQuest, an online psychology database, and was able to find the two empirical articles I chose for my essay. My first source was Regional Differences in Suprathreshold IntensityRead MoreThe Butterfly Effect, and A Sound of Thunder by Ray Bradbury1138 Words   |  5 Pageschanging the future. Although they share the same idea, they each have different outcomes. A Sound of Thunder was written in 1952 by Ray Bradbury. It was set in the year of 2055 during a presidential election. In the story, Eckels and a group of rich men travel back in time to kill a dinosaur. However, after seeing the dinosaur, Eckels cowardly strays off of the important floating path. When the group returns to Time Safari Incorporated, they realize that Eckels has made the terrible mistake of steppingRead MoreAre Women Destructive Forces?1674 Words   |  7 Pagesdisgraced woman who emerged from the shadows to alter the precise definition of the disgraceful letter â€Å"A† on her chest. Later, John Steinbeck composed Of Mice and Men in the 1930’s that depicted Curleys spouse as determined but also immensely egotistic, ultimately prompting his wife to turn into a destructive power which end up ruining the dreams of the men working in the farm. In F. Scott Fitzgeralds book The Great Gatsby, Fitzgerald utilized Daisy Buchanan, an ignorant, materialistic and i ntolerantRead MoreJohn Steinbecks use of Realism, Characterization, and Dreams in The Grapes of Wrath and Of Mice and Men2450 Words   |  10 Pagescentury literary style also creates great feelings of empathy toward the characters and their dreams. Steinbeck used realism to convey his points for a purpose, and his main purpose was that he wanted something to be made known to the public. Of Mice and Men and The Grapes of Wrath both tell of the hardships people went through and also the harsh conditions of their situations. The characters in both of these novels play and important role in personalizing the occurring events for the reader, makingRead MoreThe Importance Of Reading And Writing On My Life1376 Words   |  6 Pagesaccelerated reading points each month. My favorite books were Junie B. Jones and Captain Underpants. I enjoyed reading during these years because it came natural to me and I admired the fictional aspects of books and the way they could make my mind run wild. T he teachers I had I credit some of my success to because they helped me succeed in reading during elementary school. Learning how to first write, I believe, for kids is always fascinating, because it is something new to them. Starting out is simpleRead More Brief Biography of John Steinbeck Essay3594 Words   |  15 Pages1937, though, Steinbeck got his first taste of real success. Now living in Los Gatos, California, he had four novels and a play published in just three years. He burst onto the literary scene with Of Mice and Men, and published the first three parts of The Red Pony the same year. The play of Of Mice and Men went on stage and won the Drama Critics Circle Award. The next year, he published The Long Valley and the last part of The Red Pony. His big project for the year, however, was working and researchingRead MoreHow significant is the theme of violence in Of Mice and Men?2506 Words   |  11 PagesThe novel Of Mice and Men, written by John Steinbeck, is a tale of an extraordinary friendship between two ranch workers who fight for survival in the harsh times of the 1930s, the gre at depression of America. The essay concerns the role of violence throughout the novel and explores the theme of violence in different parts of the tale, as well as looking how specific characters use violence for different reasons. Specific areas of which the novel will explore are parts such as the death of CurlysRead MoreHow Does Steinbeck Present the Character of Curleys Wife2342 Words   |  10 PagesHow does Steinbeck present the character of Curleys Wife? In this essay I am going to be assessing the character Curleys Wife from Steinbeck’s book Of Mice And Men. The book is set in the 1930s during the Great Depression it features two farm workers called George and Lennie. The travel around together in search of work sharing a dream of a place of their own, a small ranch where they can live and work for themselves. It tells the story of how violence may erupt to destroy those dreams. CurleysRead More Of Mice and Men by John Steinbeck Essay example9610 Words   |  39 PagesOf Mice and Men by John Steinbeck John Steinbeck was born on 27 Feb 1902 in Salinas, California, not far from the area where Of Mice and Men is set. He attended Stanford University, but never settled to one area of study and left without obtaining a degree. In his twenties, he pursued a varied working life, including that of an itinerant ranch worker, similar to the characters portrayed in the novel. His early writings had some success, and established him as an author interested inRead MoreThe Great Gatsby By F. Scott Fitzgerald1914 Words   |  8 Pages†© It†© wouldn’t†©be†©true’†Ã¢â‚¬ ©(140).†©Tragically†©for†©Gatsby,†©barriers†©of†©love†©and†©money†©keep†©him†© from†©attaining†©his†©dream†©to†©be†©with†©Daisy. hand†©came†©a†©muffled†©screaming.†©Lenie†©began†©to†©cry†©with†©fright.†©.†©.†©.†©She†©continued†©to†© struggle†©and†©her†©eyes†©were†©wild†©with†©terror.†©He†©shook†©her†©then,†©and†©.†©.†©.†©she†©was†©still,†© for†©Lennie†©had†©broken†©her†©neck†Ã¢â‚¬ ©(91).†©Death,†©money,†©and†©strength†©created†©barriers†© for†©George†©and†©Lennie†©inâ € ©pursuit†©for†©their†©dream†©that†©was†©unattained. Perseverance†© is†© a†© strong†© quality

Pinocchio; a Story for Children - 1970 Words

Pinocchio; A Story for Children Bridgette Rodriguez Hondros College of Nursing English II (Composition and Literature) ENG 101 Professor Christine Cavallaro April 18, 2010 Pinocchio; A Story For Children Pinocchio is concidered an adventurous tale for children. The original story was first published in 1881 by Carlo Collodi in Italy . Collodi published his masterpiece as a serial story in a children’s weekly paper, Giornale dei bambini, between 1881 and 1883 (Liukkonen, 2008). Collodi wrote the story to be a lively adventure for children and a very adult social critique, attacking poverty and emphasising the importance of education (Liukkonen, 2008). Walt Disney adapted the story in 1940, lightened it up some and proceeded to make a†¦show more content†¦They personify conscience and discipline, which Pinocchio lacks at first. The Blue Fairy is illuminated in the pictures representing her magical and mystical qualities. Jiminy Cricket is the annoying voice of discipline always warning Pinocchio to heed his advice. The tale takes place in an Italian village, initially in Geppetto’s workshop which is full of wooden gadgets and chiming clocks, yet he does not know what time it is. The gentle woodcarver is wishing upon a star for the puppet to come to life and to be his son. The Blue Fairy brings the toy to life out of compassion for Geppetto who is a good man, but is lonely and wanting someone to love. The puppet named, Pinocchio, is not yet a human boy. He must earn the right to be real by proving that he is brave, truthful, and unselfish (The Walt Disney Company, 1992). It is not an easy world for the puppet. He must learn what it means to be a good person, including: going to school, working hard, making friends and putting others’ needs before his own. In the end, after learning some important life lessons, Pinocchio is transformed from the wooden puppet into the real boy Geppetto has always wanted (The Walt Disney Company, 1992). One important event in the story is when Pinocchio is confronted by the Blue Fairy about skipping school to be in a puppet show. She asks him why he never went to school and he lies to her and says that he was kidnapped by aShow MoreRelatedEssay on Characterization in The Little Prince and Pinocchio1357 Words   |  6 PagesCharacterization in The Little Prince and Pinocchio Children’s stories are often written about growing up or appreciating the joy of being a kid. These stories consist of characters that children can easily relate to and offer the road to exciting adventures. The main character has a personality very similar to the young readers. They have childlike qualities that are enchanting, lovable, curious and especially adventurous. The protagonist encounters individuals on his adventures, whichRead MoreWe Are All Familiar With Bible Stories And Fairy Tales1473 Words   |  6 Pageswith Bible stories and fairy tales. They typically began as verbal stories, passed down from generation to generation, before they were put down on paper or made into a film. Stories which use outlandish situations to, ideally, teach the readers how to live as good people. Stories such as Cinderella, The Three Little Pigs, Snow White, Jonah and the Whale, Noah s Ark, Hansel and Gretel, and The Adventures of Pinocchio include situations which could not have possibly happened. These stories may helpRead MorePinocchio Essay1805 Words   |  8 PagesIntroduction: Pinocchio is one of the most celebrated works in Italian literature. It was written by Carlo Lorenzi in 1883. Like many other writers in Italy at that time he wrote it under a pseudonym Carlo Collodi. Collodi himself was a firm believer in education and one of his main goals was to educate young people, at one point declaring. â€Å"Open a school, and you will close a prison†(Collodi in Person, p 141). His novel about Pinocchio continually portrays the virtues of education and the evilsRead MorePinocchio Essay example461 Words   |  2 PagesTransforming books into movies is a process happening everyday. Keeping classic books classics in the movies can be quite a difficult task, especially when writing for children. Disney is notorious for altering original stories to make them suitable, in their eyes, for children. Pinocchio is one of the many classic stories Disney reinvented for children of all ages to watch. Much of the movie version has both added and deleted scenes. This steers the movie away from violence as much as possible which the bookRead MoreAnalysis Of Pinocchio s Pinocchio Essay1494 Words   |  6 Pagesthis entire element is important and effective to make an audience understand the story. Pinocchio His P.A.Ls (2016) by Head2head Multi-sensory Theatre Company was created and performed for a very young audience aged between 2 to 5 years olds and also children with learning disabilities. The performance is about the main character, named Pinocchio, who needs to go on a journey to find his dad. As such Pinocchio has to travel through a school, a jungle and even under the sea. The performance lastedRead MoreEssay on Gryphon: Tarot and Students1229 Words   |  5 PagesThe â€Å"Gryphon† Experience Gryphon presents a fourth-grade boy, Tommy, and his class’s experience with a peculiar substitute teacher, Miss Ferenczi. Tommy narrates the story as a mature, experienced adult from afar. The students are confronted with more than just a substitute teacher. They are presented with an unaccustomed view of the world and are challenged to open their minds and think for themselves. Do not believe everything you hear and do not be afraid to go against the grain of humdrumRead MoreThe Impact of to Analyse Disney Movie and Understanding the Dominant Position in Children3134 Words   |  13 PagesDisney----------------------------------------------------------------------------- 4 5.0 How did Disney socialize childhood life------------------------------------- 5-6 5.1 Aladdin------------------------------------------------------------------ 7 5.2 Pinocchio---------------------------------------------------------------- 8 5.3 Mulan-------------------------------------------------------------------- 8 5.4 Snow white and Seven Dwarfs--------------------------------------- 9 6.0 Conclusion------Read MoreAwakening to the World of Posibilities in Charles Baxters Gryphon979 Words   |  4 PagesCharles Baxters short stories are well-known for the strong presents of ordinary people encountering extraordinary strangers who disturb their lives. â€Å"Gryphon† written by Charles Baxter is not an exception. The story is filled with characters that are awaken from their boring lives and transported into a world of possibilities. As a central idea of the story, Baxters critics often mention â€Å"middle Americas† conventions, and the effect it has on anyone who does not fit the mold. Within â€Å"Gryphon†Read MoreThe Impact of to Analyse Disney Movie and Understanding the Dominant Position in Children3142 Words   |  13 PagesDisney----------------------------------------------------------------------------- 4 5.0 How did Disney socialize childhood life------------------------------------- 5-6 5.1 Aladdin------------------------------------------------------------------ 7 5.2 Pinocchio---------------------------------------------------------------- 8 5.3 Mulan-------------------------------------------------------------------- 8 5.4 Snow white and Seven Dwarfs--------------------------------------- 9 6.0 Conclusion---------Read MoreEssay Classic Fairy Tales: Annotated Bibliography1398 Words   |  6 PagesIn his evaluation of Little Red Riding Hood, Bill Delaney states, â€Å"In analyzing a story . . . it is often the most incongruous element that can be the most revealing.† To Delaney, the most revealing element in Little Red Riding Hood is the protagonist’s scarlet cloak. Delaney wonders how a peasant girl could own such a luxurious item. First, he speculates that a â€Å"Lady Bountiful† gave her the cloak, which had belonged to her daughter. Later, however, Delaney suggests that the cloak is merely symbolic

Engineer do to improve environment Free Essays

It is estimated that the world oil reserves will last for 30 to 40 years. On the other hand, solar energy is infinite 4. Example: Changing Airport and KALI designed to fully used the solar energy Main point 2 : Reduce the uses of chlorofluorocarbons (CUFF) and reduce the energy consumption. We will write a custom essay sample on Engineer do to improve environment or any similar topic only for you Order Now 1. Past: most cooling device like refrigerator and air conditioner using CUFF 2. Effect : destroy the Ozone layer in the atmosphere 3. Now: upgrade of the air conditioner and refrigerator without using CUFF and less energy consumption. 4. Main point 3: The uses of biodegradable item 1 . More technologically advanced 2. Produce materials ; withstand extreme temperatures, durable and easy to use 3. Biodegradable products are those that can be decomposed by microbes and other natural biological processes 4. 80% vegetable starch and 20% of vegetable oil 5. Biodegradable items are useful in reducing the amount of waste in landfills Plastic bags 10-20 years Soft plastic (bottle). How to cite Engineer do to improve environment, Papers

Contemporary Issues In Hotel Industry Chen

Question: Describe about contemporary issues in the hotel industry? Answer: 1. Introduction Chen (2014) presumed that hotel industry is one of the most fastest growth and dynamic corporate sectors in all part of the world. In accordance to Gibson (2012), hotel industry holds the employment generation, alleviation as well as the growth rate of economic of the majority of population throughout the world. On the other hand, Jones, Hillier Comfort (2014) argued that though the hotel industry is one of the most popular and famous sector in terms fastest growing, from the point of view of international market share hotel industry is developing in very low consequence rate. The hotel industry in New Zealand estimated only 1.5% market share in the global hotel industry. For the New Zealand, the hotel industry holds the potential economy that creates a strong linkage for other sectors. N. McCool (2012) stated that f the hotel industry developed properly within the particular region, it can be a ray of hope for neglecting the society segmentation and people in the backward areas. Ho wever, it has been identified that, development of hospitality industry within the country, considers the huge rang of potential regarding natural environment. This particular study aims to identify the contemporary issues of hotel industry with clear aspects and explanation of those issues from the point of view of core management areas and its impact on the hotel industry as a whole. Apart from that, this assignment also provides the management process of issues in hotel industry that identified. 2. Identification of Contemporary Issues in Hotel Industry Since earlier, hotel industry faces several issues such as sustainable development that especially calls the green hotel, labor costs challenges, multi cultural issues, higher education of employees, etc. However, the current challenges that faced by the hotel industry globally are Minimum Wage, Brand Reauthorization, hidden fees, frothy pricing, franchisor at joint employers, guest profiling, social media, etc (Xiao, 2012). Figure 1: Contemporary issues in hotel industry (Source: Dedeoaylu Demirer, 2015, pp- 133) However, following are the three main contemporary issues that discuses in this assignment in hotel industry Issue 1: Minimum Wage Karatepe Zargar Tizabi (2011) argued that minimum wage is one of the most recent challenges that faced by the hotel industry throughout the world. The union or the organization of labor is targeting to attack the hotel industry. According to Huang Sun (2014), target of hotel industry by the organized labor is call living wage. Recently it has been identified that labor union target the hotel industry that badly affect their business and sometimes owner of the hotel forcedly close business. In the hotel industry, employee work for hourly basis. Therefore, the employer of the hotel industry must to pay no less then minimum wages to the employee. However, minimum wage rules and regulation set by the government of respected country. As a result, continuous changes government creates different federal system regarding minimum wage. Therefore, periodically changes on minimum wage generally increase the pricing level of the hotel industry as well as also increase the cost of living. It has been majorly seen that employees are striking for high wages as well as health care. For example, the employees of Hilton Hotel in the region of UK demanded for $10 per hour. After five years, it increased and considered $12.50 per hour. According to Davis et al. (2013), that organize labor is one of the most affecting factor in hotel industry from the point of view of minimum wage. It decreases the opportunity to increase the business in future in the hotel industry. According to the review report of Baloglu (2010), approximately 20% of workforce of hotel industry is falling into the category of minimum wage regarding challenges or issues in hotel industry. Apart from that, Chen (2013) cited vast majority moves into the higher position within one year. Therefore, it is also an aspect of minimum wage that faced challenges to the hotel industry globally. Issue 2: Demanding Customers The population of the world increases day by day. Therefore, huge generation shifts takes place the community of guest in these days of hotel industry. Anderson (2012) argued that baby boomers were retired and their successors created the new exactions from hotel industry. According to the market review report or market sharing report of hotel industry, more than 73% Gen Y guest leave the hotel due to poor experience. Apart from that, more than 85% of Gen Y guest tells that employees are not able to serve according to their need and demand either online or physically or both. On the other hand, delighted guest on hotel industry spend more than 50% in the ancillary revenue in term of getting satisfactory service from the employees of hotel industry. Furthermore, Dedeoaylu Demirer (2015) acknowledge that there are more than 82% guests who demanding for poor service or they are unhappy with the service of hotel industry. Those guests never show their willingness to spend more or revisits to the hotel next time. Egger Buhalis (2011) depicted that customer in these days are more demanding due to high increase of firm in hotel industry or increase of expectations from the employees in hotel industry. Issue 3: Social Media Not only the hotel industry but also the corporate sector, social media brings the forefront of revolution in terms of engaging customers with the service. In case of hotel industry, social media brings the wide revolution to engage customer via online, through social media network such as Facebook, Twitter, LinkedIn, WhatsApp, etc organization in hotel industry provides information about their facilities to customer along with the current offering scheme or discounts (Scholarworks.umass.edu, 2015). In order to reach to the customers as well as attract them, each hotelier along with their marketing teams paid more time in social media. However, the hotel industry faced several threats from the social media such as online criticism like hacking information about customer along with bank details, negative reviews, fraud booking, etc that decrease business in the real world. According to the blog USA blog report in 2012, majority of customer believes 3 time more in booking hotels for fooding and lodging instead of meeting face to face. However, social media marketing is challenge to the hotel industry, but if the organization in hospitality sector properly maintains the fortune, it can be the great aspects of engaging customer towards the hotel industry with least approach. Social media is the most largest platforms in these days of digital world (Fe Causin, Ayoun Moreo, 2011). 3. Explanation of the Identified Issues 3.1 Minimum Wage Minimum wage in the hotel industry increased overtime. Following are the table that displays the increase rate history of federal minimum was under the act of Fair labor Standard act 1938 to 2010. Year Minimum Wage 1938 $0.25 1968 $1.60 1979 $3.10 1981 $3.35 1991 $4.25 1997 $5.15 2007 $5.85 2009 $7.25 2010 $10.10 2014 $12.50 Due to increase rate of minimum wage rate in the hotel industry throughout the world, organization in hotel industry faces various challenges within their workplace such as living cost, revenue cost, etc. However, during the time of world recession in 2008, each country in the world faces wide range of issues. Therefore, the hotel industry in each country still not able to came out from the recession issues. Therefore, increase of minimum was rate make the marketers in hotel industry to put more money into the pocket of employees. However, in order to make profit after putting more money into the pocket of employees, hotel industry increases their products and service rate (Personal.psu.edu, 2015). Increase of labor cost is also a key aspect of increasing products and service rate. As a result, people do not show interest in taking service from hotel industry. On the other hand, customer who takes the service from hotel industry with higher costs demand more facilities as well as expect quality service from the hoteliers. Jung Choi Tae Kim (2012) argued that people cut back their plan for spending time on hotels during vacations or any special occasion due to increase rate of products and service within hotel industry. It creates great impact on the business of hotel industry. Lo (2013) stated that there is not any specific reason of clear idea of increasing the price of labor costs. According to Luo, Yang Law (2014), small increase in labor costs may not affect most in the business process of hotel industry. However, high increase of labor cost substantially affect on the hotel industry because die to high increase of price people do not make any plan for vacations or buying extra products during vacations that are not essential. Customers are the key of success in hotel industry. Increase rate of customer base displayed the success of hotel industry. Increase price in hotel industry leads the lower demand from customer regarding services and products. In respect to this way, the need of employees in hotel industry also becomes low. As a result, increase rate of unemployment is growth vastly in hotel industry (Digitalscholarship.unlv.edu, 2015). In order to make difference, the organization in hotel industry has to compensate with the employees or entire staffs including management, waiter, cleaners, cooking, management, etc. Due to federal minimum wage and regular modification in the prices creates several issues they were very much controversy in respect to the business of hotel industry (Assaf Magnini, 2012). Apart from that, plenty of conflict data were subjected in the hotel industry due to regular change of minimum wage by the government. Affecting Factor Impact Result ($) Lower Demand Reduced revenue of annual guest room $612300000 Lower Profitability Corporate tax paid also lower $146200000 Lower Demand Lower guests room occupying resulting for suppliers in less money spent $145600000 Lower Demand Lower taxes collected from the hotel industry occupancy $70400000 Lower Demand Reduced revenue in food and beverage $214300000 Lower Demand Loss of jobs in housekeeping and full time employees $320200000 Figure 2: Impact of extreme increase minimum wage in hotel industry (Source: Jones, Hillier Comfort, 2014, pp- 16) Prayag Hosany (2013) explained that extreme increase of minimum wage rate decreases the value as well as property of hotel industry and slow down the process of development or construction of hotel in local areas. Apart from that, extreme increase of minimum wage has been linked potentially with the value of hotel industry. Die to increase of minimum wage, impact on the overall business process of hotel industry such as low profit margin, new construction of hotels, market value, sold the products with lower prices, stunning the local economies, etc (Fakhraddin Maroofi, 2012). Moreover, increase of extreme minimum wage rate the hotel industry business model produces construction workers, guest room amenity suppliers, lower returns on investment, laundry companies, hotel workers, etc that hurtled as a trickle down affect on overall hotel industry. 3.2 Demanding Customers In the hotel industry, the expectations and demands of consumers are increased day to day. The business climate for the hoteliers with the customers become tightens. It also affect in the stepping up the business as well as boosts up the sales or promotions. In the hotel industry, it is often seen that staffs or the management frazzled and busy in attending the customer and meeting their bargaining demand (Jung-Hui Liang, 2012). Therefore, hoteliers have to work hard in terms of upholding the quality of service with reasonable price as well as to protect the failure in service. Customers are the key of success in hotel industry. Figure 3: Quality of guest experience impacts on hotel industry (Source: Jung Choi Tae Kim, 2012, pp- 1023) Therefore, many organizations set their process that customers is the right within their workplace. It is the core approach in these days of business especially in the hotel industry. As a result, hoteliers have to pay more attention in the regular changing demand of their customers in terms of retaining the customers. However, the human nature and experience displayed that it is not fair. According to Walker (2012), management of the hotel industry has to take responsibility in handling. Due to lack of knowledge, skills and experience of management, hotel industry in these days faces several issues for the demanding customers. Due to increase rate of product and service, hoteliers was not able to provide training to their staffs and they faces lots of complexities in handling demanding customers. Moreover, it has been also identified that demanding customers outraged the business process of hotel industry. Following table demonstrated the impact of demanding customers in hotel industry Factors Descriptions Heightened Expectations Expectation of demanding customers in hotels industry is for the quality and velocity services in anytime, anywhere as well as in any locations. However, due to high labor costs, hoteliers were not able to employ more employees that fulfill the demand of customers. Therefore, demanding customers affect more in business process of hotel industry as a whole. Yearning Majority of customer demands for offering or special discounting or rewarding from the hoteliers when they are coming back to the hotel. The trend of reward is increased highly in the current business of hotel industry. Therefore, due to high price manufacturing costs and high suppliers demand along with labor costs, hoteliers was unable to provide rewards to demanding customers that decrease the customer loyalty (V. Tesone, 2013). Thus, it affect on the hotel industry as a whole. Technology In these days of customers in hotel industry demand for electronic gadgets in the hotel room such as Wi-Fi facility, cable TV service, free phone calls, etc is for purchasing order, tech toys in the guest room, experience of property etc. If the hotel industry does not able to provide electronic gadget to customers, they fails to satisfy them. Customer also never returns on that hotel. Thus, hotel industry decreases their customer base. 3.3 Social Media In these days of digital world, usage of internet becomes most popular. In hotel industry, social media networking also has an potential impact retarding providing information throughout the network in less time. However, majority of hoteliers involve or include social media network within their business in order to engage more customers via providing entire information along with products and price to customers. Through online, organization in hotel industry share sensitive information such as hotel booking via their own portal, allows customer for bargain for prices, connect other customers and shows their review report, etc. The main issues that faced by the hotel industry from social media is faith and market value. Social media network leads unfair negativity, undue criticism and inaccurate information of customers when the guests are loyal and satisfied. However, in these days of cybercrime world, majority of people get a stance before input the information in a anonymous site that is the competitive edge for the hotel industry. According to Quek (2012), issues that mainly faced by the organization in hotel industry that previous property of the guests stay on top. Therefore, due to lack of work force, hotel industry was not able to update the information of previous guest dedicatedly. However, Shaw (2012) argue that hoteliers invest more money as well as time in implementing social media but unable to gain nothing at the end of the day. Furthermore, Parte-Esteban Alberca-Oliver (2013) suggested that customers can engaged with the hotel industry easily through continuous communication. It is most effective method of engaging customer for the small organization in hotel industry, however the big companies faces lot of issues regarding safety and fixed strategy. Apart from that, there are several other issues that faced by the experts in hotel industry in social media networking. Osman, Hemmington Bowie (2009) assumed that participation is one of the most critical issue in hotel industry regarding social media because the nature of social media is dynamic. In order to take information of customer, experts in hotel industry has to take review of comments of customers that is too much time consuming. Therefore, knowledge, skills and training of staff is another two critical issues. In hotel industry, majority of staffs may know to use the social media network for personal use but do not know to use social media network from the point of view of business. They must to be trained before launching companys own page in social media network. Apart from that, security is also another major issue in social media network in hotel industry. This may affect in the core business process of hotel industry. Security issues not only decrease customer base for hoteliers in corporate sector but also closed the business in hotel industry. 4. Management of identified issues in Hotel Industry 4.1 Management of Minimum Wage Issues in hotel industry In order to manage the minimum wage issues in hotel industry, hoteliers have to involve the following technique Time and Motion Technique Management or the supervisor of individual group within the workplace of hotel industry has to look closely of the employees performance. O'Neill (2012) argued that close monitoring helps in identifying the accuracy of work force of the employees. It increase workforce of the organization and hoteliers are able to provide better service to their customers. Apart from that, spot opportunities will be more efficient in balancing the minimum wage issues in hotel industry. Minimum wage set by the government of the country. Therefore, Hotel Industry was unable to change the minimum wage are for employees. Figure 4: Time and motion schedule for minimum wage management in hotel industry (Source: Osman, Hemmington Bowie, 2009, pp- 246) However, if they provide spot opportunities to employees like extra pay for extra work will be efficient method. Moreover, management of the hotels has to play the major responsibility in managing minimum wage in hotel industry. Management has to provide guidance in order to make a change in the work process as well as scheduling of work of the labor. Furthermore, higher as well as lower level management has to take review about the production of individuals and compare it with the expected results. If the process successfully works, then need to repeat and rinse. Involve automatic process instead of manual: As the minimum wage rate increase extremely and day to day, hoteliers has to involve the automatic process that need less man force such as check in facilities. It has been seen that in hotel industry manpower is very much required for serving customers such as taking order, serve purchased order, check the document and other aspect before entering to hotels, etc. In hotel industry need to involve automatic check in system that is automatically checking the aspects including document of coming customer in less time. It not only save the manpower but also satisfy the customer because this process take less time to check. Apart from that, intra land connection has to include within the hotel campus. For order customer make phone calls and make their order. In kitchen room, need to involve latest technology such as chimney, induction instead of using gas. Induction cooking mechanism allows the cooker in making dinner or lunch 5 time faster ra ther than gas oven. 4.2 Management of Demanding Customers Issues in hotel industry Customers are the key of success in hotel industry. Therefore, hoteliers have to adopt several techniques in order to handle the demanding customers such as Allow customer to speak: Management or staffs of the hotels has to take patient when the customer complaining. Management has not to take any effort to interrupt the complaining customers because the customer already unhappy with the service and interruption may cause the higher anger. Management have to provide time in listening the complain of customer or unhappiness with the service of hotels. After complain management or staffs have to ask some open ended question in order to clarify the issues. This process may allows the management in handling the demanding customer in a smooth way. Respect the guest: Within the hotel industry, staffs or employees have to shows respect towards customers and provide value as well as feel special. This may helps in satisfying the customers throughout al department of the entire hotels. Apart from that, management or staff of hotel has to meet the requirement of customers when they show their respect. It helps in leading the satisfaction of the customers. Handle the customers smoothly: Management have to show their politeness towards the customer when they deal with them face to face or over phone calls. Apart from that, they have to provide full effort in understanding exact demand of customers like understand what they exactly demand, note down properly about their purchase, etc. Responsibility towards resolving customer problem: Management as well as the employees of the organization in hotel industry has to take as much as possible in order to understand the problems of customers. Management of the hotels has to understand that customers comes to them with a expectation and it is their responsibility to fulfill the expectations. Apart from that, management has to avoid the nature of transferring problems to other. They have to show their effort to customer in order to solve the problems. Management or staffs if received any complain from the demanding customers have to try for resolving the issues own. However, when the customer says about the dissatisfaction, never cut the call or transfer it to the voicemail box. Because it make more irritate to customers. Ask customer to suggest an appropriate solution: It will be the key technique to handle demanding customers. Okumus et al. (2014) cited that asking for appropriate solution of raise problems to demanding customer can helps in defusing the situation. However, if the solution is reasonable, management of hotels has to take immediate action on that act. On the other hand, if customer provides unreasonable actions it is duty of managers to describe in details why hotels do not apply the actions. Tajeddini (2009) suggested that, management have to apologized first in order to resolve the problems. Follow up the problems: In hotel industry, it is important to follow up the solution when one problem is resolved. Management has to take total responsibility to take review about the customer satisfaction after resolving the issues. Thus, hoteliers are able to know the problems is actually mitigate. Tisdell (2013) described that follow up can help in building customer loyalty and motivate them in revisit to the hotels. 4.3 Management of Social Media Issue in Hotel Industry As customer is important for business growth or achieves higher profit in hotel industry, social media technology is one of the most effective and efficient way in increasing customer as well as increasing brand awareness. If the social media executes well for business it will create solid community for the organization in hotel industry. Thus helps in growing business and enjoying success. However, social media create several problems in hotel industry. Following techniques have to adopt by the hoteliers in order to solve the social media problems Understand properly the social media for business: Hotels have to organize training for the staffs in order to use the social media for business purpose. In-depth knowledge on social media helps in making solid plan in hotel industry. Employee has to remember in not only provide service but also have to take the conversation. In order to present actively in social media, hoteliers have to provide regular updates with images or videos about their hotels, details of hotels facilities, etc. Apart from that, in order to make long-term strategic plan for promoting hotels in social media network, hoteliers have to get traffic immediately. Moreover, they have to be closer with the convert visitors and audiences. Consistence contribution to the Social Media Network: In hotel industry, it has en often seen the risk of losing visitors as well as the potential customers. Therefore, hoteliers have to make sure that they schedule properly with a very specific social media marketing. In order to make sure the social media marketing scheduling, hotels have to hire technical staff for that particular field. In order to post and regular updates of the hotels, need to hire content writers as well as curator. Face to face relationship with customers: Majority of hotels only track the information of the customers via chat. They ever encourage the people in face-to-face interview in terms of providing information or answer them about their dissatisfaction. Several social media networks allow video calling facilities to user. Management or the responsible person of hotels has to encourage customers for face-to-face conversation through video calling. This process will help in satisfying the audience and also helps in tracking information and dissatisfaction including the emotion of customers. Moreover, video calling conversation also allows the hotels in avoiding fraud case. Moreover, hoteliers have to collect feedback as well as personal information of visitors or the customers through social media. It will help the hotels in building strong and trustworthy relationship between the hotels and customers. Yu Yeh (2013) suggested that personalization is also important or crucial in terms of su ccess in social media marketing in hotel industry. 5. Explanation of conclusion This particular study concludes the contemporary issues that faced by the hotel industry in these modern days. Several issues are identified that arise in the hotels industry. However, this study specifically describes the three main issues that recently identified in the hotel industry throughout the world. The most recent issues that faced by the hoteliers in hospitality sector is minimum wage. Rapid changing rules regarding minimum wage for the employees make several issues for hotel industry such as increase the products rate, decrease customer base and loyalty, etc. Therefore, analysts describes that minimum wage is not able to change because the rule of minimum wage set by the government. In order to handle minimum wage issue in hotel industry need to involve the method of time and motion. It helps in close monitoring of employees performance as well as spot fixing the with clear specification. It increase work force for hotels and helps in making more profit as well as build r elationship with the customer. The other issue that identified in this study is demanding customers. Due to increase of products and service prices, expectation of customers also increases high. Customers in hotel industry are now become more deadening. However, analyst described the solution of handling demanding customers in a specific way. The given solution will make sure the hoteliers in resolving issues that relates with the demanding customers. The final issue that explained was social media issue. It is the most popular technology in engaging customers. However, hotel industry faces several challenges from social media involvement with the business. In order to resolve the problem of social media, training will be the key method for hotel industry. Social media will be the efecitve and efficient technique inengaging customers and building trustworthy relations. Reference List Books Anderson, M. (2012). Contemporary ergonomics and human factors 2012. Boca Raton: CRC Press. Baloglu, S. (2010). Advances and Trends in Hospitality and Tourism. Bradford: Emerald Group Pub. Chen, J. (2013). Advances in hospitality and leisure. Bingley, U.K.: Emerald. Chen, J. (2014). Advances in hospitality and leisure. Bingley, U.K.: Emerald. Egger, R., Buhalis, D. (2011). eTourism case studies. Hoboken: Taylor and Francis. Gibson, P. (2012). Cruise Operations Management. Hoboken: Taylor amp; Francis. Huang, S., Sun, X. (2014). Economy Hotels in China. Hoboken: Taylor and Francis. Okumus, F., Liu, J., Xie, L., Xinyuan.,. (2014). Ethical and sustainable practices in the tourism and hospitality industry in China. Bradford: Emerald Group Publishing Limited. Shaw, D. (2012). Morality and the Movies. London: Continuum International Publishing. Tisdell, C. (2013). Handbook of tourism economics. Singapore: World Scientific. Walker, J. (2012). Introduction to hospitality management. [s.l.]: Prentice hall. Xiao, H. (2012). Contemporary perspectives on China tourism. London: Routledge. Journals Assaf, A., Magnini, V. (2012). Accounting for customer satisfaction in measuring hotel efficiency: Evidence from the US hotel industry.International Journal Of Hospitality Management,31(3), 642-647. Davis, B., Lockwood, A., Pantelidis, I., Alcott, P. (2013). Food and Beverage Management. Hoboken: Taylor and Francis. Dedeoaylu, B., Demirer, H. (2015). Differences in service quality perceptions of stakeholders in the hotel industry. Int J Contemp Hospitality Mngt, 27(1), 130-146. Fakhraddin Maroofi,. (2012). Observation of organizational change in the hotel industry.AFRICAN JOURNAL OF BUSINESS MANAGEMENT,6(8). Fe Causin, G., Ayoun, B., Moreo, P. (2011). Expatriation in the hotel industry. Int J Contemp Hospitality Mngt, 23(7), 885-901. Jones, P., Hillier, D., Comfort, D. (2014). Sustainability in the global hotel industry. Int J Contemp Hospitality Mngt, 26(1), 5-17. Jung Choi, H., Tae Kim, Y. (2012). Work family conflict, work family facilitation, and job outcomes in the Korean hotel industry. Int J Contemp Hospitality Mngt, 24(7), 1011-1028. Jung-Hui Liang,. (2012). Firm competition and industrial organization for international tourist hotel industry.AFRICAN JOURNAL OF BUSINESS MANAGEMENT,6(8). Karatepe, O., Zargar Tizabi, L. (2011). Work related depression in the hotel industry: a study in the United Arab Emirates. Int J Contemp Hospitality Mngt, 23(5), 608-623. Lo, Y. (2013). Stakeholder management in the Chinese hotel industry: the antecedents and impacts. Int J Contemp Hospitality Mngt, 25(4), 470-490. Luo, H., Yang, Y., Law, R. (2014). How to achieve a high efficiency level of the hotel industry?. Int J Contemp Hospitality Mngt, 26(8), 1140-1161. McCool, B. (2012). The Need to be Prepared:Disaster Management in the Hospitality Industry. J Bus Hotel Manage, 01(02). O'Neill, J. (2012). The determinants of a culture of partying among managers in the hotel industry. Int J Contemp Hospitality Mngt, 24(1), 81-96. Osman, H., Hemmington, N., Bowie, D. (2009). A transactional approach to customer loyalty in the hotel industry. Int J Contemp Hospitality Mngt, 21(3), 239-250. Parte-Esteban, L., Alberca-Oliver, P. (2013). Determinants of technical efficiency in the Spanish hotel industry: regional and corporate performance factors. Current Issues In Tourism, 18(4), 391-411. Prayag, G., Hosany, S. (2013). Human resource development in the hotel industry of Mauritius: myth or reality?. Current Issues In Tourism, 18(3), 249-266. Quek, M. (2012). Globalising the hotel industry 194668: A multinational case study of the Intercontinental Hotel Corporation. Business History, 54(2), 201-226. Rok, M. (2012). Labour Market Skill Deficiencies in the Tourism and Hospitality Industry. Our Economy, Journal Of Contemporary Issues In Economics And Business, 58(3-4). Tajeddini, K. (2009). The impact of learning orientation on NSD and hotel performance. Education, Business Society, 2(4), 262-275. Tesone, D. (2013). Management Training in U.S. Hospitality Schools: A Comparative Study of Instructional Methods.J Tourism Res Hospitality,s1(01). Yu Yeh, C. (2013). Applying Economic Methods on Analyzing Hostel Industry. J Hotel Bus Manage, 02(01). Websites Digitalscholarship.unlv.edu,. (2015). Retrieved 3 March 2015, from https://digitalscholarship.unlv.edu/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=1694context=thesesdissertations Personal.psu.edu,. (2015). Retrieved 3 March 2015, from https://www.personal.psu.edu/~users/j/w/jwo3/Hotel%20Work-Family%20Issues%20Article%20for%20o'neill.pdf Scholarworks.umass.edu,. (2015). Retrieved 3 March 2015, from https://scholarworks.umass.edu/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=1259context=gradconf_hospitality