Pinocchio; a Story for Children - 1970 Words

Pinocchio; A Story for Children Bridgette Rodriguez Hondros College of Nursing English II (Composition and Literature) ENG 101 Professor Christine Cavallaro April 18, 2010 Pinocchio; A Story For Children Pinocchio is concidered an adventurous tale for children. The original story was first published in 1881 by Carlo Collodi in Italy . Collodi published his masterpiece as a serial story in a children’s weekly paper, Giornale dei bambini, between 1881 and 1883 (Liukkonen, 2008). Collodi wrote the story to be a lively adventure for children and a very adult social critique, attacking poverty and emphasising the importance of education (Liukkonen, 2008). Walt Disney adapted the story in 1940, lightened it up some and proceeded to make a†¦show more content†¦They personify conscience and discipline, which Pinocchio lacks at first. The Blue Fairy is illuminated in the pictures representing her magical and mystical qualities. Jiminy Cricket is the annoying voice of discipline always warning Pinocchio to heed his advice. The tale takes place in an Italian village, initially in Geppetto’s workshop which is full of wooden gadgets and chiming clocks, yet he does not know what time it is. The gentle woodcarver is wishing upon a star for the puppet to come to life and to be his son. The Blue Fairy brings the toy to life out of compassion for Geppetto who is a good man, but is lonely and wanting someone to love. The puppet named, Pinocchio, is not yet a human boy. He must earn the right to be real by proving that he is brave, truthful, and unselfish (The Walt Disney Company, 1992). It is not an easy world for the puppet. He must learn what it means to be a good person, including: going to school, working hard, making friends and putting others’ needs before his own. In the end, after learning some important life lessons, Pinocchio is transformed from the wooden puppet into the real boy Geppetto has always wanted (The Walt Disney Company, 1992). One important event in the story is when Pinocchio is confronted by the Blue Fairy about skipping school to be in a puppet show. She asks him why he never went to school and he lies to her and says that he was kidnapped by aShow MoreRelatedEssay on Characterization in The Little Prince and Pinocchio1357 Words   |  6 PagesCharacterization in The Little Prince and Pinocchio Children’s stories are often written about growing up or appreciating the joy of being a kid. These stories consist of characters that children can easily relate to and offer the road to exciting adventures. The main character has a personality very similar to the young readers. They have childlike qualities that are enchanting, lovable, curious and especially adventurous. 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Engineer do to improve environment Free Essays

It is estimated that the world oil reserves will last for 30 to 40 years. On the other hand, solar energy is infinite 4. Example: Changing Airport and KALI designed to fully used the solar energy Main point 2 : Reduce the uses of chlorofluorocarbons (CUFF) and reduce the energy consumption. We will write a custom essay sample on Engineer do to improve environment or any similar topic only for you Order Now 1. Past: most cooling device like refrigerator and air conditioner using CUFF 2. Effect : destroy the Ozone layer in the atmosphere 3. Now: upgrade of the air conditioner and refrigerator without using CUFF and less energy consumption. 4. Main point 3: The uses of biodegradable item 1 . More technologically advanced 2. Produce materials ; withstand extreme temperatures, durable and easy to use 3. Biodegradable products are those that can be decomposed by microbes and other natural biological processes 4. 80% vegetable starch and 20% of vegetable oil 5. Biodegradable items are useful in reducing the amount of waste in landfills Plastic bags 10-20 years Soft plastic (bottle). How to cite Engineer do to improve environment, Papers

Contemporary Issues In Hotel Industry Chen

Question: Describe about contemporary issues in the hotel industry? Answer: 1. Introduction Chen (2014) presumed that hotel industry is one of the most fastest growth and dynamic corporate sectors in all part of the world. In accordance to Gibson (2012), hotel industry holds the employment generation, alleviation as well as the growth rate of economic of the majority of population throughout the world. On the other hand, Jones, Hillier Comfort (2014) argued that though the hotel industry is one of the most popular and famous sector in terms fastest growing, from the point of view of international market share hotel industry is developing in very low consequence rate. The hotel industry in New Zealand estimated only 1.5% market share in the global hotel industry. For the New Zealand, the hotel industry holds the potential economy that creates a strong linkage for other sectors. N. McCool (2012) stated that f the hotel industry developed properly within the particular region, it can be a ray of hope for neglecting the society segmentation and people in the backward areas. Ho wever, it has been identified that, development of hospitality industry within the country, considers the huge rang of potential regarding natural environment. This particular study aims to identify the contemporary issues of hotel industry with clear aspects and explanation of those issues from the point of view of core management areas and its impact on the hotel industry as a whole. Apart from that, this assignment also provides the management process of issues in hotel industry that identified. 2. Identification of Contemporary Issues in Hotel Industry Since earlier, hotel industry faces several issues such as sustainable development that especially calls the green hotel, labor costs challenges, multi cultural issues, higher education of employees, etc. However, the current challenges that faced by the hotel industry globally are Minimum Wage, Brand Reauthorization, hidden fees, frothy pricing, franchisor at joint employers, guest profiling, social media, etc (Xiao, 2012). Figure 1: Contemporary issues in hotel industry (Source: Dedeoaylu Demirer, 2015, pp- 133) However, following are the three main contemporary issues that discuses in this assignment in hotel industry Issue 1: Minimum Wage Karatepe Zargar Tizabi (2011) argued that minimum wage is one of the most recent challenges that faced by the hotel industry throughout the world. The union or the organization of labor is targeting to attack the hotel industry. According to Huang Sun (2014), target of hotel industry by the organized labor is call living wage. Recently it has been identified that labor union target the hotel industry that badly affect their business and sometimes owner of the hotel forcedly close business. In the hotel industry, employee work for hourly basis. Therefore, the employer of the hotel industry must to pay no less then minimum wages to the employee. However, minimum wage rules and regulation set by the government of respected country. As a result, continuous changes government creates different federal system regarding minimum wage. Therefore, periodically changes on minimum wage generally increase the pricing level of the hotel industry as well as also increase the cost of living. It has been majorly seen that employees are striking for high wages as well as health care. For example, the employees of Hilton Hotel in the region of UK demanded for $10 per hour. After five years, it increased and considered $12.50 per hour. According to Davis et al. (2013), that organize labor is one of the most affecting factor in hotel industry from the point of view of minimum wage. It decreases the opportunity to increase the business in future in the hotel industry. According to the review report of Baloglu (2010), approximately 20% of workforce of hotel industry is falling into the category of minimum wage regarding challenges or issues in hotel industry. Apart from that, Chen (2013) cited vast majority moves into the higher position within one year. Therefore, it is also an aspect of minimum wage that faced challenges to the hotel industry globally. Issue 2: Demanding Customers The population of the world increases day by day. Therefore, huge generation shifts takes place the community of guest in these days of hotel industry. Anderson (2012) argued that baby boomers were retired and their successors created the new exactions from hotel industry. According to the market review report or market sharing report of hotel industry, more than 73% Gen Y guest leave the hotel due to poor experience. Apart from that, more than 85% of Gen Y guest tells that employees are not able to serve according to their need and demand either online or physically or both. On the other hand, delighted guest on hotel industry spend more than 50% in the ancillary revenue in term of getting satisfactory service from the employees of hotel industry. Furthermore, Dedeoaylu Demirer (2015) acknowledge that there are more than 82% guests who demanding for poor service or they are unhappy with the service of hotel industry. Those guests never show their willingness to spend more or revisits to the hotel next time. Egger Buhalis (2011) depicted that customer in these days are more demanding due to high increase of firm in hotel industry or increase of expectations from the employees in hotel industry. Issue 3: Social Media Not only the hotel industry but also the corporate sector, social media brings the forefront of revolution in terms of engaging customers with the service. In case of hotel industry, social media brings the wide revolution to engage customer via online, through social media network such as Facebook, Twitter, LinkedIn, WhatsApp, etc organization in hotel industry provides information about their facilities to customer along with the current offering scheme or discounts (Scholarworks.umass.edu, 2015). In order to reach to the customers as well as attract them, each hotelier along with their marketing teams paid more time in social media. However, the hotel industry faced several threats from the social media such as online criticism like hacking information about customer along with bank details, negative reviews, fraud booking, etc that decrease business in the real world. According to the blog USA blog report in 2012, majority of customer believes 3 time more in booking hotels for fooding and lodging instead of meeting face to face. However, social media marketing is challenge to the hotel industry, but if the organization in hospitality sector properly maintains the fortune, it can be the great aspects of engaging customer towards the hotel industry with least approach. Social media is the most largest platforms in these days of digital world (Fe Causin, Ayoun Moreo, 2011). 3. Explanation of the Identified Issues 3.1 Minimum Wage Minimum wage in the hotel industry increased overtime. Following are the table that displays the increase rate history of federal minimum was under the act of Fair labor Standard act 1938 to 2010. Year Minimum Wage 1938 $0.25 1968 $1.60 1979 $3.10 1981 $3.35 1991 $4.25 1997 $5.15 2007 $5.85 2009 $7.25 2010 $10.10 2014 $12.50 Due to increase rate of minimum wage rate in the hotel industry throughout the world, organization in hotel industry faces various challenges within their workplace such as living cost, revenue cost, etc. However, during the time of world recession in 2008, each country in the world faces wide range of issues. Therefore, the hotel industry in each country still not able to came out from the recession issues. Therefore, increase of minimum was rate make the marketers in hotel industry to put more money into the pocket of employees. However, in order to make profit after putting more money into the pocket of employees, hotel industry increases their products and service rate (Personal.psu.edu, 2015). Increase of labor cost is also a key aspect of increasing products and service rate. As a result, people do not show interest in taking service from hotel industry. On the other hand, customer who takes the service from hotel industry with higher costs demand more facilities as well as expect quality service from the hoteliers. Jung Choi Tae Kim (2012) argued that people cut back their plan for spending time on hotels during vacations or any special occasion due to increase rate of products and service within hotel industry. It creates great impact on the business of hotel industry. Lo (2013) stated that there is not any specific reason of clear idea of increasing the price of labor costs. According to Luo, Yang Law (2014), small increase in labor costs may not affect most in the business process of hotel industry. However, high increase of labor cost substantially affect on the hotel industry because die to high increase of price people do not make any plan for vacations or buying extra products during vacations that are not essential. Customers are the key of success in hotel industry. Increase rate of customer base displayed the success of hotel industry. Increase price in hotel industry leads the lower demand from customer regarding services and products. In respect to this way, the need of employees in hotel industry also becomes low. As a result, increase rate of unemployment is growth vastly in hotel industry (Digitalscholarship.unlv.edu, 2015). In order to make difference, the organization in hotel industry has to compensate with the employees or entire staffs including management, waiter, cleaners, cooking, management, etc. Due to federal minimum wage and regular modification in the prices creates several issues they were very much controversy in respect to the business of hotel industry (Assaf Magnini, 2012). Apart from that, plenty of conflict data were subjected in the hotel industry due to regular change of minimum wage by the government. Affecting Factor Impact Result ($) Lower Demand Reduced revenue of annual guest room $612300000 Lower Profitability Corporate tax paid also lower $146200000 Lower Demand Lower guests room occupying resulting for suppliers in less money spent $145600000 Lower Demand Lower taxes collected from the hotel industry occupancy $70400000 Lower Demand Reduced revenue in food and beverage $214300000 Lower Demand Loss of jobs in housekeeping and full time employees $320200000 Figure 2: Impact of extreme increase minimum wage in hotel industry (Source: Jones, Hillier Comfort, 2014, pp- 16) Prayag Hosany (2013) explained that extreme increase of minimum wage rate decreases the value as well as property of hotel industry and slow down the process of development or construction of hotel in local areas. Apart from that, extreme increase of minimum wage has been linked potentially with the value of hotel industry. Die to increase of minimum wage, impact on the overall business process of hotel industry such as low profit margin, new construction of hotels, market value, sold the products with lower prices, stunning the local economies, etc (Fakhraddin Maroofi, 2012). Moreover, increase of extreme minimum wage rate the hotel industry business model produces construction workers, guest room amenity suppliers, lower returns on investment, laundry companies, hotel workers, etc that hurtled as a trickle down affect on overall hotel industry. 3.2 Demanding Customers In the hotel industry, the expectations and demands of consumers are increased day to day. The business climate for the hoteliers with the customers become tightens. It also affect in the stepping up the business as well as boosts up the sales or promotions. In the hotel industry, it is often seen that staffs or the management frazzled and busy in attending the customer and meeting their bargaining demand (Jung-Hui Liang, 2012). Therefore, hoteliers have to work hard in terms of upholding the quality of service with reasonable price as well as to protect the failure in service. Customers are the key of success in hotel industry. Figure 3: Quality of guest experience impacts on hotel industry (Source: Jung Choi Tae Kim, 2012, pp- 1023) Therefore, many organizations set their process that customers is the right within their workplace. It is the core approach in these days of business especially in the hotel industry. As a result, hoteliers have to pay more attention in the regular changing demand of their customers in terms of retaining the customers. However, the human nature and experience displayed that it is not fair. According to Walker (2012), management of the hotel industry has to take responsibility in handling. Due to lack of knowledge, skills and experience of management, hotel industry in these days faces several issues for the demanding customers. Due to increase rate of product and service, hoteliers was not able to provide training to their staffs and they faces lots of complexities in handling demanding customers. Moreover, it has been also identified that demanding customers outraged the business process of hotel industry. Following table demonstrated the impact of demanding customers in hotel industry Factors Descriptions Heightened Expectations Expectation of demanding customers in hotels industry is for the quality and velocity services in anytime, anywhere as well as in any locations. However, due to high labor costs, hoteliers were not able to employ more employees that fulfill the demand of customers. Therefore, demanding customers affect more in business process of hotel industry as a whole. Yearning Majority of customer demands for offering or special discounting or rewarding from the hoteliers when they are coming back to the hotel. The trend of reward is increased highly in the current business of hotel industry. Therefore, due to high price manufacturing costs and high suppliers demand along with labor costs, hoteliers was unable to provide rewards to demanding customers that decrease the customer loyalty (V. Tesone, 2013). Thus, it affect on the hotel industry as a whole. Technology In these days of customers in hotel industry demand for electronic gadgets in the hotel room such as Wi-Fi facility, cable TV service, free phone calls, etc is for purchasing order, tech toys in the guest room, experience of property etc. If the hotel industry does not able to provide electronic gadget to customers, they fails to satisfy them. Customer also never returns on that hotel. Thus, hotel industry decreases their customer base. 3.3 Social Media In these days of digital world, usage of internet becomes most popular. In hotel industry, social media networking also has an potential impact retarding providing information throughout the network in less time. However, majority of hoteliers involve or include social media network within their business in order to engage more customers via providing entire information along with products and price to customers. Through online, organization in hotel industry share sensitive information such as hotel booking via their own portal, allows customer for bargain for prices, connect other customers and shows their review report, etc. The main issues that faced by the hotel industry from social media is faith and market value. Social media network leads unfair negativity, undue criticism and inaccurate information of customers when the guests are loyal and satisfied. However, in these days of cybercrime world, majority of people get a stance before input the information in a anonymous site that is the competitive edge for the hotel industry. According to Quek (2012), issues that mainly faced by the organization in hotel industry that previous property of the guests stay on top. Therefore, due to lack of work force, hotel industry was not able to update the information of previous guest dedicatedly. However, Shaw (2012) argue that hoteliers invest more money as well as time in implementing social media but unable to gain nothing at the end of the day. Furthermore, Parte-Esteban Alberca-Oliver (2013) suggested that customers can engaged with the hotel industry easily through continuous communication. It is most effective method of engaging customer for the small organization in hotel industry, however the big companies faces lot of issues regarding safety and fixed strategy. Apart from that, there are several other issues that faced by the experts in hotel industry in social media networking. Osman, Hemmington Bowie (2009) assumed that participation is one of the most critical issue in hotel industry regarding social media because the nature of social media is dynamic. In order to take information of customer, experts in hotel industry has to take review of comments of customers that is too much time consuming. Therefore, knowledge, skills and training of staff is another two critical issues. In hotel industry, majority of staffs may know to use the social media network for personal use but do not know to use social media network from the point of view of business. They must to be trained before launching companys own page in social media network. Apart from that, security is also another major issue in social media network in hotel industry. This may affect in the core business process of hotel industry. Security issues not only decrease customer base for hoteliers in corporate sector but also closed the business in hotel industry. 4. Management of identified issues in Hotel Industry 4.1 Management of Minimum Wage Issues in hotel industry In order to manage the minimum wage issues in hotel industry, hoteliers have to involve the following technique Time and Motion Technique Management or the supervisor of individual group within the workplace of hotel industry has to look closely of the employees performance. O'Neill (2012) argued that close monitoring helps in identifying the accuracy of work force of the employees. It increase workforce of the organization and hoteliers are able to provide better service to their customers. Apart from that, spot opportunities will be more efficient in balancing the minimum wage issues in hotel industry. Minimum wage set by the government of the country. Therefore, Hotel Industry was unable to change the minimum wage are for employees. Figure 4: Time and motion schedule for minimum wage management in hotel industry (Source: Osman, Hemmington Bowie, 2009, pp- 246) However, if they provide spot opportunities to employees like extra pay for extra work will be efficient method. Moreover, management of the hotels has to play the major responsibility in managing minimum wage in hotel industry. Management has to provide guidance in order to make a change in the work process as well as scheduling of work of the labor. Furthermore, higher as well as lower level management has to take review about the production of individuals and compare it with the expected results. If the process successfully works, then need to repeat and rinse. Involve automatic process instead of manual: As the minimum wage rate increase extremely and day to day, hoteliers has to involve the automatic process that need less man force such as check in facilities. It has been seen that in hotel industry manpower is very much required for serving customers such as taking order, serve purchased order, check the document and other aspect before entering to hotels, etc. In hotel industry need to involve automatic check in system that is automatically checking the aspects including document of coming customer in less time. It not only save the manpower but also satisfy the customer because this process take less time to check. Apart from that, intra land connection has to include within the hotel campus. For order customer make phone calls and make their order. In kitchen room, need to involve latest technology such as chimney, induction instead of using gas. Induction cooking mechanism allows the cooker in making dinner or lunch 5 time faster ra ther than gas oven. 4.2 Management of Demanding Customers Issues in hotel industry Customers are the key of success in hotel industry. Therefore, hoteliers have to adopt several techniques in order to handle the demanding customers such as Allow customer to speak: Management or staffs of the hotels has to take patient when the customer complaining. Management has not to take any effort to interrupt the complaining customers because the customer already unhappy with the service and interruption may cause the higher anger. Management have to provide time in listening the complain of customer or unhappiness with the service of hotels. After complain management or staffs have to ask some open ended question in order to clarify the issues. This process may allows the management in handling the demanding customer in a smooth way. Respect the guest: Within the hotel industry, staffs or employees have to shows respect towards customers and provide value as well as feel special. This may helps in satisfying the customers throughout al department of the entire hotels. Apart from that, management or staff of hotel has to meet the requirement of customers when they show their respect. It helps in leading the satisfaction of the customers. Handle the customers smoothly: Management have to show their politeness towards the customer when they deal with them face to face or over phone calls. Apart from that, they have to provide full effort in understanding exact demand of customers like understand what they exactly demand, note down properly about their purchase, etc. Responsibility towards resolving customer problem: Management as well as the employees of the organization in hotel industry has to take as much as possible in order to understand the problems of customers. Management of the hotels has to understand that customers comes to them with a expectation and it is their responsibility to fulfill the expectations. Apart from that, management has to avoid the nature of transferring problems to other. They have to show their effort to customer in order to solve the problems. Management or staffs if received any complain from the demanding customers have to try for resolving the issues own. However, when the customer says about the dissatisfaction, never cut the call or transfer it to the voicemail box. Because it make more irritate to customers. Ask customer to suggest an appropriate solution: It will be the key technique to handle demanding customers. Okumus et al. (2014) cited that asking for appropriate solution of raise problems to demanding customer can helps in defusing the situation. However, if the solution is reasonable, management of hotels has to take immediate action on that act. On the other hand, if customer provides unreasonable actions it is duty of managers to describe in details why hotels do not apply the actions. Tajeddini (2009) suggested that, management have to apologized first in order to resolve the problems. Follow up the problems: In hotel industry, it is important to follow up the solution when one problem is resolved. Management has to take total responsibility to take review about the customer satisfaction after resolving the issues. Thus, hoteliers are able to know the problems is actually mitigate. Tisdell (2013) described that follow up can help in building customer loyalty and motivate them in revisit to the hotels. 4.3 Management of Social Media Issue in Hotel Industry As customer is important for business growth or achieves higher profit in hotel industry, social media technology is one of the most effective and efficient way in increasing customer as well as increasing brand awareness. If the social media executes well for business it will create solid community for the organization in hotel industry. Thus helps in growing business and enjoying success. However, social media create several problems in hotel industry. Following techniques have to adopt by the hoteliers in order to solve the social media problems Understand properly the social media for business: Hotels have to organize training for the staffs in order to use the social media for business purpose. In-depth knowledge on social media helps in making solid plan in hotel industry. Employee has to remember in not only provide service but also have to take the conversation. In order to present actively in social media, hoteliers have to provide regular updates with images or videos about their hotels, details of hotels facilities, etc. Apart from that, in order to make long-term strategic plan for promoting hotels in social media network, hoteliers have to get traffic immediately. Moreover, they have to be closer with the convert visitors and audiences. Consistence contribution to the Social Media Network: In hotel industry, it has en often seen the risk of losing visitors as well as the potential customers. Therefore, hoteliers have to make sure that they schedule properly with a very specific social media marketing. In order to make sure the social media marketing scheduling, hotels have to hire technical staff for that particular field. In order to post and regular updates of the hotels, need to hire content writers as well as curator. Face to face relationship with customers: Majority of hotels only track the information of the customers via chat. They ever encourage the people in face-to-face interview in terms of providing information or answer them about their dissatisfaction. Several social media networks allow video calling facilities to user. Management or the responsible person of hotels has to encourage customers for face-to-face conversation through video calling. This process will help in satisfying the audience and also helps in tracking information and dissatisfaction including the emotion of customers. Moreover, video calling conversation also allows the hotels in avoiding fraud case. Moreover, hoteliers have to collect feedback as well as personal information of visitors or the customers through social media. It will help the hotels in building strong and trustworthy relationship between the hotels and customers. Yu Yeh (2013) suggested that personalization is also important or crucial in terms of su ccess in social media marketing in hotel industry. 5. Explanation of conclusion This particular study concludes the contemporary issues that faced by the hotel industry in these modern days. Several issues are identified that arise in the hotels industry. However, this study specifically describes the three main issues that recently identified in the hotel industry throughout the world. The most recent issues that faced by the hoteliers in hospitality sector is minimum wage. Rapid changing rules regarding minimum wage for the employees make several issues for hotel industry such as increase the products rate, decrease customer base and loyalty, etc. Therefore, analysts describes that minimum wage is not able to change because the rule of minimum wage set by the government. In order to handle minimum wage issue in hotel industry need to involve the method of time and motion. It helps in close monitoring of employees performance as well as spot fixing the with clear specification. It increase work force for hotels and helps in making more profit as well as build r elationship with the customer. The other issue that identified in this study is demanding customers. Due to increase of products and service prices, expectation of customers also increases high. Customers in hotel industry are now become more deadening. However, analyst described the solution of handling demanding customers in a specific way. The given solution will make sure the hoteliers in resolving issues that relates with the demanding customers. The final issue that explained was social media issue. It is the most popular technology in engaging customers. However, hotel industry faces several challenges from social media involvement with the business. In order to resolve the problem of social media, training will be the key method for hotel industry. Social media will be the efecitve and efficient technique inengaging customers and building trustworthy relations. Reference List Books Anderson, M. (2012). Contemporary ergonomics and human factors 2012. Boca Raton: CRC Press. Baloglu, S. (2010). Advances and Trends in Hospitality and Tourism. Bradford: Emerald Group Pub. Chen, J. (2013). Advances in hospitality and leisure. Bingley, U.K.: Emerald. Chen, J. (2014). Advances in hospitality and leisure. Bingley, U.K.: Emerald. Egger, R., Buhalis, D. (2011). eTourism case studies. Hoboken: Taylor and Francis. Gibson, P. (2012). Cruise Operations Management. Hoboken: Taylor amp; Francis. Huang, S., Sun, X. (2014). Economy Hotels in China. Hoboken: Taylor and Francis. Okumus, F., Liu, J., Xie, L., Xinyuan.,. (2014). Ethical and sustainable practices in the tourism and hospitality industry in China. Bradford: Emerald Group Publishing Limited. Shaw, D. (2012). Morality and the Movies. London: Continuum International Publishing. Tisdell, C. (2013). Handbook of tourism economics. Singapore: World Scientific. Walker, J. (2012). Introduction to hospitality management. [s.l.]: Prentice hall. Xiao, H. (2012). Contemporary perspectives on China tourism. London: Routledge. Journals Assaf, A., Magnini, V. (2012). Accounting for customer satisfaction in measuring hotel efficiency: Evidence from the US hotel industry.International Journal Of Hospitality Management,31(3), 642-647. Davis, B., Lockwood, A., Pantelidis, I., Alcott, P. (2013). Food and Beverage Management. Hoboken: Taylor and Francis. Dedeoaylu, B., Demirer, H. (2015). Differences in service quality perceptions of stakeholders in the hotel industry. Int J Contemp Hospitality Mngt, 27(1), 130-146. Fakhraddin Maroofi,. (2012). Observation of organizational change in the hotel industry.AFRICAN JOURNAL OF BUSINESS MANAGEMENT,6(8). Fe Causin, G., Ayoun, B., Moreo, P. (2011). Expatriation in the hotel industry. Int J Contemp Hospitality Mngt, 23(7), 885-901. Jones, P., Hillier, D., Comfort, D. (2014). Sustainability in the global hotel industry. Int J Contemp Hospitality Mngt, 26(1), 5-17. Jung Choi, H., Tae Kim, Y. (2012). Work family conflict, work family facilitation, and job outcomes in the Korean hotel industry. Int J Contemp Hospitality Mngt, 24(7), 1011-1028. Jung-Hui Liang,. (2012). Firm competition and industrial organization for international tourist hotel industry.AFRICAN JOURNAL OF BUSINESS MANAGEMENT,6(8). Karatepe, O., Zargar Tizabi, L. (2011). Work related depression in the hotel industry: a study in the United Arab Emirates. Int J Contemp Hospitality Mngt, 23(5), 608-623. Lo, Y. (2013). Stakeholder management in the Chinese hotel industry: the antecedents and impacts. Int J Contemp Hospitality Mngt, 25(4), 470-490. Luo, H., Yang, Y., Law, R. (2014). How to achieve a high efficiency level of the hotel industry?. Int J Contemp Hospitality Mngt, 26(8), 1140-1161. McCool, B. (2012). The Need to be Prepared:Disaster Management in the Hospitality Industry. J Bus Hotel Manage, 01(02). O'Neill, J. (2012). The determinants of a culture of partying among managers in the hotel industry. Int J Contemp Hospitality Mngt, 24(1), 81-96. Osman, H., Hemmington, N., Bowie, D. (2009). A transactional approach to customer loyalty in the hotel industry. Int J Contemp Hospitality Mngt, 21(3), 239-250. Parte-Esteban, L., Alberca-Oliver, P. (2013). Determinants of technical efficiency in the Spanish hotel industry: regional and corporate performance factors. Current Issues In Tourism, 18(4), 391-411. Prayag, G., Hosany, S. (2013). Human resource development in the hotel industry of Mauritius: myth or reality?. Current Issues In Tourism, 18(3), 249-266. Quek, M. (2012). Globalising the hotel industry 194668: A multinational case study of the Intercontinental Hotel Corporation. Business History, 54(2), 201-226. Rok, M. (2012). Labour Market Skill Deficiencies in the Tourism and Hospitality Industry. Our Economy, Journal Of Contemporary Issues In Economics And Business, 58(3-4). Tajeddini, K. (2009). The impact of learning orientation on NSD and hotel performance. Education, Business Society, 2(4), 262-275. Tesone, D. (2013). Management Training in U.S. Hospitality Schools: A Comparative Study of Instructional Methods.J Tourism Res Hospitality,s1(01). Yu Yeh, C. (2013). Applying Economic Methods on Analyzing Hostel Industry. 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Storytelling How Effective it is as a Tool to Foster Childrens Engagement in Literacy Essay Example

Storytelling: How Effective it is as a Tool to Foster Childrens Engagement in Literacy Essay Even as the idea that the advent of sophisticated toys and digital programs have scored over the age-old storytelling as means of fostering childrens engagement in literacy continues to influence new parents, storytelling is still considered as the best method by many. What makes it so different from its new challengers? How far can it be used and what are the ways to achieve best possible results out of it? How it has evolved with time and made itself more equipped with the help of modern technology? This paper probes all these and more towards determining the efficacy of storytelling, before concluding with an approbatory note.The JourneyIn way towards fostering the kids engagement in education, storytelling remains the first and foremost tool since the advent of language, where the senior members of the family would web the stories to the children. That would subtly form the bond between generations, let alone evoking the ideas of the little, virgin minds to the nuances of the sur roundings as well as the world beyond that.It is the keenness of the children to listen to the stories, their eagerness to learn and probe about life and events on earth and beyond gradually made the early storytellers to formulate certain line of action – such as, incorporating certain values and certain do-s and donts pertaining to better living within the folds of fantasy, adventure or human-interest stories. This way, the primary concept of keeping children engaged at home to safety gradually took turns towards preparing them for the greater world. This pattern got crystallized from the print era, and the print world continued to dominate freely till it faced competition from the audio and video versions of it.New BendThough at the early stages of storytelling, there was not much emphasis on literacy learning, i.e., stressing on fostering the ability to read and write among the children, with time, storytelling added this prime responsibility of citizen-building into its fold, which now has become an inseparable part of the society. It is now treated as an extremely important tool to equip children in reading and writing before they are inducted into school, besides preparing them to express their own ideas symbolically or exchange ideas with peers or the adults. Alongside, storytelling has to add another responsibility in its bag: that is, to imbibe the computer literacy in them.Current SituationSince the concept of joint family has been on the wane, in walked the preparatory schools for the children to do the job. Again, with the advent of digital media, the children started having the scope of a storyteller in the audio mediums, and later in the audio-visual mediums as well. Now the technology has come of the age to play the social role too, as there are many digital peers with their bag of stories are out in the market. These are animated creatures made according to the likes of the children.The Greenroom of StorytellingIt might look like a vast storeroom of various bridges to an imaginative eye – where each of the bridges is made up of one or the other essential knowledge for the young mind – Covering all possible branches of it. All the bridges are decorated beautifully – that is, done up with elements that are bound to catch and sustain the interest of children to walk along the bridge, albeit unknowingly. Divine bait, one can say, to see the future citizens up and ready to take up the cudgels of the future world!How the Greenroom EvolvedThe research on storytelling would be never-ending, all because of its proven power of reaching childrens mind and bringing in the desired feedback from them. A good many theories have also come into being, such as Emergent Theory (Teal ; Sulzby, 1986).This theory stresses on gradual learning process of the children from infancy. This concept goes for concurrent development of language through a wide range of variation applied at various ages of the children. It ext ends its classroom beyond the formalities and walls.Besides this, Whitehurst and Lonigan (1998) distinguished between the inside-out and outside-in skills of literacy. The former refers to the childrens ability to decode the information in a sentence, while the later points at the ability to comprehend the meaning of the sentence from a context. It is the development of the later that matters most in life, as it deals with comprehension and expression in all areas of life.While a group of researchers have dedicated themselves to find the relationship between storytelling and the taxonomic nuances of cognitive progression, some others have devoted themselves in devising instruments to empower storytelling to foster all levels of cognitive progression in the children.Thus the digital media with its array of avenues have come out with many forms of storytelling, which are packed with features that are capable to entice, educate and entertain the little ones in one go! In todays world, computer characters (the storyteller) and pedagogical applications prove to be a perfect match (Maldonado, 2007).ImpactAlthough the quest to find the facts behind the efficacy of storytelling in literacy will ever be on, current research findings already suggest that storytelling stimulates the imagination besides helping to increase vocabularies and introducing them to the elements of the stories. (National Education Goals Panel 1997; Moss and Fawcett 1995).Young minds tend to switch on their imagination tab with good sparks. Storytelling stimulates auditory or the visual parts at a time or together; in all situations, it is capable of not only grafting the information for future use, but also of sparking the initiative in the children for its improvised usage in the future. Another researcher, Snow (1983), coined the term decontextualized language to identify the language that is not limited to spatial or the historical context. And here the storytelling weaves its magic, as it us es a then-and-there language, which the children pick up from there (Ryokai, K. et al., 2003).Through this, the intangible ideas like values or societal behavioral process can easily get into their perception. It also enhances the scope of interpersonal communication, besides providing the scope of peer-discussion in case of collective participation in a storytelling session.Emotive characters enhance the learning process. Storytelling almost always banks on the various shades of emotion. This raises a question about the efficacy of the modern-day virtual peers or the animated storytellers of the digital media. Are they capable of rising to the rank of human storytellers?The research findings, say yes, under certain conditions, they are! Researchers Marita Jong and Adriana G. have come out with their findings, where they are convinced that even pre-readers can become acquainted with new stories (Jong, 2007).Recognition of StorytellingGoal One of the National Education Goals recogniz es the importance of family/child engagement in literacy activities to children’s learning and readiness for school. The goal suggests that for all children in America to start school ready to learn, parents need to devote time each day to teaching them (Nord et al, 1999). This in turn recognizes the storytelling as the prime tool towards fostering literacy among children.DiscussionStories are the fragmented reflections of the world and its subjects and their actions and or reactions in a package that educates, informs and entertains the children. Such a package, if formulated rightly, is bound to evoke interest among the children. Such a package makes things easier towards fostering literacy among the children, as here they get close to it rather involuntarily. In its fold, storytelling can cover the entire gamut of knowledge a child requires to know and pass it on without any routine curriculum. Thus, storytelling can easily be termed as the most carefree means of fostering literacy in children.   And for the present times, storytelling has consolidated its position further through its digital avatar. Researches tell about their high degree of acceptance in the children, and thus its pedagogical application is on the rise. Even in the distant learning system, or online literacy programs, these story-packed CD-ROMs or the DVD-ROMs form an integral part of the process (Hodgson, 2005).The growing numbers of unit family has heightened storytellings significance. Gone are the days of a joint family, when the grandpa or the grandma would satiate the craving for listening to stories for their grandchildren. It is now mostly the case of Home Alone for the children worldwide. This big and dangerous void is somewhat filled up by these digital storytelling systems or attractively printed books.CONCLUSIONJudging from all aspects, it is clear that storytelling does all what it is needed to foster literacy in the children, and under the present situation, it is e ven doing more than expected, thanks to the advent of the new technology.Ranging from supplying the creative juices to providing company to the children, storytelling has now become an integral part of the life of children, let alone harnessing the literacy acumen. Thus this ancient, sublime learning system for the little ones should always be treated with care. Because, it would always remain a truth that children have to know about the past, apply that knowledge to the present and be equipped to meet the challenges of life – not to mention about contributing to the future of the world. This legacy would go on, and storytelling would ever remain a potent catalyst in the chemistry of communication among the past, present and future course of civilization! This idea again brings back the imagined picture of those tiny knowledge bridges, but in a new avatar – In the final round of imagination, all those bridges from the storytelling greenroom magically merge into one big bridge between the future citizens and the earth!

Racism in Television essays

Racism in Television essays Beginning with the first television program ever broadcasted lasting up to the most recent program; racism has been a prevalent issue in American television. Stereotypical roles in society have been excessively exaggerated by television programs, keeping racism alive and breathing in America. The careful selections of ethnicities in role casting have had an exceptionally large impact on American society. Young television viewers are learning at an early age about race and discrimination and are witnessing the ugly impacts of these issues. The television industry is not only a competitive one, but money is priority number one. The best money making program with the best ratings will most always win out. What goes on behind the making of our favorite sitcoms is a mystery to most. A survey by the National Association for the Advancement of Colored People (NAACP) found that of 839 writers currently working on primetime shows, just 55 are black, 11 Latino, 3 Asian-American, and zero Native American, meaning minorities make up just 7 percent of primetime network writers . Not only are minorities being underrepresented in lead roles of television programs, they are also discriminated throughout the entire business. The small margin of primetime corporation writers must face racial discrimination in addition to segregation. It is especially rare to find a person of color writing for a primarily white program. Jay Dyer, a successful African-American writer was told This isnt a black show; we dont need a black writer . The stereotyping of characters comes from the writers, especially when corporations are not open to employing writers of different races for the characters. Yet another section of everyday television in America shows another side of discrimination of minorities. Commercials of all kinds promote products to the public; however some do it at other races expenses. Perhaps the m...

The Miss Firecracker Contest

The Miss Firecracker Contest The Miss Firecracker Contest, along with other Beth Henley plays, is characterized as a Southern Gothic. The play is set in the small southern town of Brookhaven, Mississippi, and tells an archetypical story of a young woman trying to reinvent herself. The two main qualities that land The Miss Firecracker Contest squarely into the Southern Gothic genre are: the story concerns flawed characters.it occurs in a once prosperous, but now run-down town. Plot Synopsis Carnelle Scott had a rocky start in life. Her mother died and her father dragged her around the state with him until he dumped her with Carnelle’s old aunt and her two cousins. Carnelle idolized her cousins, Elain and Delmount, and believed them to be the most beautiful and interesting people in the entire town. At age 17, Elain won the title of Miss Firecracker in the local beauty contest and Carnelle never forgot the sight of her beloved cousin riding atop the Fourth of July float crowned in glory. Carnelle never achieved the beauty and social status of Elain and made up for it by sleeping with most of the young men in town earning herself the dubious title of Miss Hot Tamale. Carnelle sees a chance to erase her past and start again by winning the beauty contest. Carnelle hires Popeye, an odd girl from poor beginnings, to sew her costume for the talent portion of the show. Popeye is a talented seamstress who taught herself to sew by making clothes for bullfrogs because she had no dolls to sew for. In the course of the play, Popeye falls in love with the eccentric and frazzled Delmount. Eventually, Delmount returns Popeye’s affections and finds her odd personality something worth loving. Delmount is determined to sell every item in his mother’s old house and then the house itself and move to New Orleans. He offers half the sale to Carnelle and begs her to quit the contest and make a new life outside of Brookhaven, Mississippi. Carnelle accepts half the money but wants to continue in The Miss Firecracker contest so she can now leave â€Å"in a blaze of glory.† Elain shows up and announces to Carnelle that she is leaving her husband and two children. She has had enough of their constant need for attention and wants to walk away from it all. Carnelle is thrilled until Elain’s presence overshadows her participation in the contest. Carnelle’s anger and frustration eventually cause her to explode and spew at all her relatives and friends, insisting that she wants what she wants despite all their petty protestations. Carnelle uses the moment to fling their personality flaws back in their faces and release herself from all their judgments. Within this encounter, Elain understands that she has lost Carnelle’s hero worship and decides to go back to the husband who adores her. Production Details Setting: Brookhaven, MississippiTime: End of June and beginning of JulyCast Size: This play can accommodate 6 actors.Male Characters: 2Female Characters: 4Characters that could be played by either males or females: 0 Roles Carnelle Scott is twenty-four and ready to make a few changes in her life. She wants to turn over a new leaf and be someone who is not â€Å"Miss Hot Tamale† and is instead respected and beautiful both inside and out. If she could, she would ride out of town in a blaze of glory with the Miss Firecracker crown on her head and enough money to start again in a new town as a beautiful and talented winner.Popeye Jackson grew up as an odd girl with no money who makes outfits for bullfrogs. Now she is an odd woman with no money who makes outfits for whoever will hire her. She falls head over heels in love with the eccentric Delmount but is sure he could never return her affections. Popeye puts little value on money, talent, and beauty. She makes the world beautiful by her simple actions of generosity.Elain Rutledge enjoyed a life of beauty, talent, and adoration. Her overbearing mother, now deceased, foresaw the end of that lifestyle for Elain and pushed her into marriage. Now Elain is bored with her married life in which she is only adored by only one man and has to answer to two sons she dislikes. Her will to be free and independent is continually at odds with her desire to be wanted and admired. Delmount Williams has never had any trouble finding women who will sleep with him despite his odd appearance and temper. His recent stint in a mental institution has only fortified his eccentricities and desire to rid himself of all memory and ties to Brookhaven, Mississippi.  He prides himself on finding the beauty in those who consider themselves plain, but the truth is that he has never tried to pursue anyone or anything that would be a challenge or a true beauty.Mac Sam is an ex-lover of Carnelle’s. He contracted syphilis through Carnelle but has never sought treatment for the disease. He has a magnetic personality despite his ill appearance. He and Carnelle still share a strong attraction, but she is disgusted that he won’t do anything to better his health or station in life.Tessy Mahoney is the beauty contest coordinator. She and Delmount shared a questionable night of lovemaking a long time ago and he has been hiding from her since. She is not a beauty and doub ts Carnelle’s chances in the contest, but she seems to be a sweet and pleasant coordinator despite her opinions. She is starstruck by Elain. Production Notes Beth Henley makes a particular note at the beginning of the play about Carnelle’s hair which the character has dyed bright red. Henley notes that â€Å"It is strongly suggested that the actress playing Carnelle dye her hair bright red instead of opting for a wig.† The set for The Miss Firecracker Contest is an old southern house filled with antiques in Act One and the backstage of the beauty pageant for Act Two. The play has been produced with success both with full scenic designs and minimal scenic designs. Content Issues: Language, syphilis, talk of sexual escapades.

Why Is There A Lack Of Men In The Early Years Workforce Essay

Why Is There A Lack Of Men In The Early Years Workforce - Essay Example Since early childhood centres are usually considered the second homes to these young children, then it should simulate the home setting whilst reflecting the situation in the real world. However, children usually just have women teachers and support workers in their early years settings. Only 2-3% of the early years workforce are men (Men in Primary – Early Years, 2007). Although the tradition of having women as early childhood educators has been long practiced, there are now recognized benefits of having more men join the early years workforce. Primarily, it is advantageous for young children to be in an environment that reflects the real gender mix of the world (Parents demand more male childcare workers, 2011). Society may not be ready for more men entering the early years workforce. The inherent expectations of a career in early childhood care and education is usually perceived as more suited to women due to their nurturing nature. Lynn Trodd, head of the Children’s Workforce Development Council contends that research shows that men perceive working in an early years environment is not as prestigious as corporate jobs, have fewer career opportunities, has a vague career structure, the pension system is not in place and there is less in-service training. To top it all, it does not pay well. Being so, it is seen as a far less professional area of work (Men in Primary- Early Years, 2007). Trodd elaborates that most men already in the early years setting have chosen to shift to it after they’ve pursued an earlier career. This phenomenon needs to be studied and the barriers to men entering the early years workforce earlier in their prime need to be investigated and broken down because men can be a great resource to the children’s workforce as they bring with them their own special skills and experiences which women may not be able to. Parents are also beginning to see the benefits of having male teachers and support workers in the ear ly childhood environments their children attend. The Children’s Workforce Development Council (CWDC) reports that 55 percent of parents express their preference of having male childcare workers to work with their nursery-aged children. Two-thirds of single mothers say they would like a man involved in the care and development of their young children because they need to have a male father-figure in their lives even if they do not have regular access to their own biological fathers (Parents demand more male childcare workers, 2009). Currently, 17 percent of children from lone parent families have fewer than two hours a week contact time with a man and more children have less than that. 36 percent of children of single mothers have only under six hours male contact each week. Having male early years workers can ensure that such children have enough quality contact time with men. This is especially significant for young boys who need adult men to look up to as role-models. 37 pe rcent of parents believe that male workers provide good examples for boys and that 25 percent of parents believe their sons will behave better with a male worker than with a female worker. Thus, 52 percent of parents believe that early childhood settings need to have male workers because these settings should reflect a real gender mix of the world. In addition, the benefits to their children will increase since men and women have different skills to offer them (Parents Demand More Male Childcare Workers, 2009). On the side of the children, Thom Crabbe, the National Development Manager for Early Years at the CWDC believes that young children in the crucial years of their development (first five years) need to have quality contact with both male and female

Competitiveness and Customers Satisfaction Research Proposal

Competitiveness and Customers Satisfaction - Research Proposal Example Although current recession continues to be evident, economists project that as soon as the economy recovers local and international travel businesses would again progress. The US government (U.S. Department of Commerce, 2008) calculates that their number of international visitors will rebound by year 2010 and beyond. Thus, this is certainly a good news in tourism business; particularly those with high number of travelers as customers like hotels, restaurants, car rental companies, tourist attractions and online merchants. This study investigates he business competitiveness and customer satisfaction in "Airline Ticketing business", which is group in two varied settings: The Online booking and purchasing versus Office ticket booking and purchasing (Traditional booking and purchasing). Travel agencies would most likely benefit the study, since results can be one of their ultimate basis of In the totality, this research aims to assess by comparing the competitiveness and customer satisfaction in both Airline ticket online booking and purchasing, as well as Airline ticket Office ticket booking and purchasing - popularly called as the traditional booking and purchasing. The study intends to assess by comparing the competitiveness and customer satisf... 1. Determine the marketing strategies adopted by Airline ticket online booking and purchasing and office airline ticket booking and purchasing businesses' 2. Assess the level of competitiveness in Airline ticket online booking and purchasing and office airline ticket booking and purchasing businesses in terms of: a. Number of successful airline ticket bookings b. Number of successful airline ticket purchases c. Companies' Net Income d. Current total number of customers 3. Find out the level of customer satisfaction in Airline ticket online booking and purchasing and office airline ticket booking and purchasing businesses to the companies' based on: a. Customer Services a.1. Customer-Customer Service Representative Interaction a.2. Customer assistance b. General facilities & accessibility c. Costs Office and Online 3 4. Test the significant difference in the competitiveness and customer satisfaction of Airline ticket online booking and purchasing and office airline ticket booking and purchasing businesses. 5. Establish the significant relationship between the level of competitiveness of Airline ticket booking and purchasing and the level of their customers' satisfaction. Problem Statement The study intends to assess by comparing the competitiveness and customer satisfaction in both Airline ticket online booking and purchasing, as well as Airline ticket Office ticket booking and purchasing - popularly called as the traditional booking and purchasing. The entire course is further directed to answer the specific questions below: 1. What marketing strategies are adopted by Airline ticket online booking and purchasing and office airline ticket booking and purchasing businesses' 2. How competitive are

Writing a Satiric Piece Essay Example for Free

Writing a Satiric Piece Essay Step 1: Identify the Topic With your group, choose a topic that is relevant, current, and debatable. Remember that the flaws and foibles of all aspects of society—from government to celebrity to religion, from teenagers to presidents to soccer moms—are grist for the satirist’s mill. Once you have all agreed on a topic about which you all want to write, have it approved by your teacher. For Example:Students being late to class (tardiness) Step 2: Choose an Appropriate Structure, Type of Satire, and Audience for your Piece Review the various samples of satire we read in class over the last week, and determine which one would be the most appropriate (in terms of its structure and techniques) for your group to use as a model for your satirical piece. After choosing the piece that your group will use as a â€Å"satirical model,† make a list of the conventions you need to use in your satire. Decide whether your piece will be more Horatian or Juvenalian. Finally, identify your audience. To whom will you address your satire and why? What tone will be most appropriate for this audience and for your purpose? For Example:The satirical piece â€Å"Gambling in Schools† is the most appropriate model for a satirical piece over tardiness, because it uses wit irony, sarcasm, and hyperbole to make its point. We plan to use all of these techniques in our Horatian satirical piece. The most appropriate audience for our satire over tardiness is the student body; many students feel that the tardiness problem is exaggerated in our school and will find the exaggerated claims we will make and our sarcastic tone amusing. Look more:  what is a process essay Step 3: State the problem in Hyperbolic Terms Make the problem sound much worse than it actually is to dramatize the need for a solution. For Example:â€Å"The staggering lack of students at the beginning of class  leaves teachers paralyzed.† This diction, specifically words the â€Å"paralyzed† and â€Å"staggering,† overstates the severity of the problem and helps develop the satirical tone for which we are aiming. Step 4: Propose an Ironic Solution Come up with a solution to the problem that seems counterintuitive and ridiculous because it actually adds to the problem you are addressing in your piece. For Example:â€Å"If students are late, they must stand outside the door for 20 minutes.† This solution doesn’t solve the problem at all. Ironically, it actually adds to the problem because it keeps students out of class even longer, thus keeping them from learning. Step 5: Use Wit (Wordplay, Clever Language, or Rhetorical Analogy) Include as many puns and clever wordplays as you can to help develop a satirical tone and illustrate your point. For Example:Punishment will be doled out in a timely manner. (Word play) This problem is a ticking time bomb! (Rhetorical analogy) These examples of wit add to the author’s creditability as a satirist. Step 6: Choose a Clever Title for your Satirical Piece Consider the broad satirical ideas in your text, and brainstorm appropriate titles for your piece. With your group, choose the title you feel best captures the essence (topic, tone, etc.) of your satire. The more clever and amusing your title, the better! For Example:â€Å"Tardiness: Are we too late or just in time to fix this  complex problem?† This title introduces the topic of the satiric piece while simultaneously suggesting that the piece will be a satire with its clever wordplay. Step 7: Draft, Edit, and Revise your Satirical Piece Work together to draft your piece, keeping in mind the conventions you identified in step two. After completing a rough draft, collectively revise it to clarify ideas, refine structure, and enhance coherence. With your group, complete a SOAPSTone analysis of your piece to gauge your effectiveness at constructing a satirical piece. Revise your piece based on the feedback generated by your SOAPSTone analysis. Use all available resources to correct errors in grammar, punctuation, and spelling and edit accordingly to prepare a technically sound document. Step 8: Finalize and Format the Final Draft of your Satirical Piece Type your final draft in MLA format. Make sure that your final draft is a minimum of one and one half pages, is free of grammatical errors, and properly adheres to MLA guidelines. Step 9: Present and Submit the Final Draft of your Satirical Piece Be prepared to share your satirical piece with the class on Friday, November 11th. After presenting your satire, you will submit one copy per group. In addition to your final draft, submit your group’s evidence of prewriting and SOAPSTone analysis. The final draft of your satirical piece will be worth one test grade and will go on the 3rd six-weeks. Your group’s prewriting and SOAPSTone analysis will each be worth one classwork grade on the 3rd six-weeks.

Red Badge of Courage :: essays research papers

REVIEW 1.  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Discuss the novel as a psychological journey. Discuss how Henry Changes throughout the novel. What causes him to change? Henry Fleming is a young solider fighting for the union army during the civil war. Throughout the war Henry ventures on a long psychological journey to discover himself. Often referred to as â€Å"the youth† Henry comes into battle with the naà ¯ve fantasies of being a war hero with out ever having faced a single battle, making him extremely self centered and vein. His desires to be heroic are far from noble but are based solely on the desire to be accepted and admired by men. He is motivated only by the idea of being immortalized among men and really holds no sense of right and wrong. Many times he justifies his coward ness by saying that the other men are not â€Å"wise enough to save themselves from the flurry of death.† And somehow restores his own self pride. He convinces himself every time that his lies are truth. But mid way through the novel Henry finally faces battle and the turning point of the novel occurs, because Henry fights, he no longer cares about himself but is part of the bigger picture he is a vital part of the â€Å"fighting machine†. As Henry forgets about the immature fantasies of a reputation he begins to earn one and quite a good one. Many of the officers are even offering their compliments and praise. Henry’s character comes full circle when he let go of his earlier mistakes and abandons the hope of a great heroism and trades it all for the more gratifying understanding of what it is to be a man. 2.  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Discuss the religious imagery in the novel. How does Crane’s background influence his opinon What point is he making? The is tons of religious imagery. The most obvious is Jim being portrayed as Jesus Christ his initials are even JC and in his death he even depicts him with the â€Å"piercing† on his side and his blood covered hands. Crane was probably most influenced by his father who was a Methodist minister. 3.  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  How is the novel an example of Realism? Give specific ezamples that show the novel as a realistic novel. What descriptions of battle make the novel realistic? By definition realism is, â€Å"understanding of nature of real life: a practical understanding and acceptance of the actual nature of the world, rather than an idealized or romantic view of it†.

Prescription Drug Abuse

Introduction.When we think of drug nuts and maltreatment we usually think of people who take the common street drugs such as cocaine, cleft, heroine, or other illegal drugs. However most people do n't recognize or take earnestly the turning figure of maltreaters of prescription drugs presently in our state. There is a common misconception that merely because a physician prescribes a certain drug that that is someway safer and different than utilizing the alleged street drugs. After all, you are being given a prescription to take the drug by your doctor, and it is non illegal or a offense. However, we must recognize that dependence is n't limited to merely illicit drugs on the street, but frequently doctor prescribed medicines as good. Prescription drugs have improved and saved infinite Numberss of lives over the old ages as many new discoveries have been achieved in scientific discipline and medical specialty in handling a assortment of known diseases. â€Å"However, utilizing these drugs without the supervising of a doctor or for intents different from their intended usage can take to serious inauspicious effects, including decease from overdose and physical dependence. Because many prescription drugs are frequently opiate based, when abused, these drugs can be as habit-forming and unsafe as illegal drugs.† 1 ) ( Pat Moore Foundation | Prescription Drug Abuse, 2009 ) . Harmonizing to ( M.D, Volkow, 2005 ) , manager at the National Institute on Drug Abuse, 2 ) â€Å"an estimated 48 million people ( ages 12 and older ) , have used prescription drugs for non-medical grounds, which represents about 20 per centum of the U.S. population.† Additionally, 3 ) â€Å"in 2000, approximately 43 per centum of infirmary exigency admittances for drug overdoses ( about 500,000 people ) happened because of misused prescription drugs, and in â€Å"2006 entirely, 700,000 exigency room visits were attributed to prescription drug overdoses.† 4 ) ( Thibodeau, 2009 ) . This type of drug maltreatment is increasing at an dismaying rate because of their widespread handiness, including online pharmaceuticss which have made it much easier for anyone regardless of age to get drugs without a prescription. ( Prescription Drug Abuse Information | Drug Rehab Programs, 2009 ) . 3 ) â€Å"One of the most common and primary methods of obtaining prescription drugs by nuts is by physician shopping harmonizing to the Drug Enforcement Administration ( DEA ) .†5 ) This method refers to a individual who continually searches out different physicians to order the same medicines in order to feed their dependences. I think most of us either know or have known persons or even household members who have resorted to this type of behaviour in order to acquire prescription drugs for this intent. The most common types of drugs that are frequently abused are cardinal nervous system sedatives such as benzodiazepines or tranquillizers, often prescribed for anxiousness and kiping upsets, opioids and narcotics for hurting alleviation, and stimulations such as those given for attending shortage hyperactivity upset, ( ADHD ) , narcolepsy, and fleshiness. 6 ) ( Prescription Drug Abuse Chart – Drugs of Abuse and Related Topics – NIDA, 2009 ) â€Å"For illustration, U.S. prescriptions for stimulations ( including those taken for ADHD ) increased from around 5 million in 1991 to about 35 million in 2007. Prescriptions for opioid analgesics such as oxycodone ( OxyContin ) and hydrocodone ( Vicodin ) increased from 40 million in 1991 to 180 million in 2007.† 7 ) ( Mayo Clinic, 2008 ) . I feel the grounds for this important addition in prescription drug maltreatment is simple. We live in a society today that tells you a pill can bring around and work out all of your jobs no affair what they are. All we have to make is turn on the telecasting and see the changeless barrage of advertizements for the latest prescription drugs on the market. As a consequence, the pharmaceutical industry is doing one million millions of dollars off of people and is surely non traveling to kick, therefore encouraging and driving the epidemic even more. Furthermore, these drugs are comparatively easy to obtain and are socially acceptable by the huge bulk of the public compared to illegal drugs. In merely the past several old ages, we have seen the outgrowth and proliferation of many â€Å"pain clinics† throughout the United States. Although non all are bad, some of these installations as stated by 8 ) ( Silverman & A ; Brown, MD, 2009 ) , â€Å"are frequently non-physician owned and run merely inside the jurisprudence. The doctors who pattern in these installations are seldom accredited through board enfranchisement processes, and many take no insurance and publicize confidential, hard currency merely services. Some even advertise armed guards in the waiting suites. With no inadvertence, these installations serve as a beginning for a uninterrupted supply of controlled substances to frequently times addicted and sometimes naAA?ve people. It is non uncommon to happen patients of these installations having 10s of 1000s of mgs of opioid medicines each month.† With these types of plans and clinics runing and promoting such drug maltreatment, I feel that the people who truly necessitate these medicines are frequently the 1s who suffer, such as persons with painful terminal diseases and unwellnesss like malignant neoplastic disease. I experienced this first-hand with my mother several old ages ago when she was diagnosed with terminal lung malignant neoplastic disease that had metastasized to her castanetss, and impotently watched her suffer from hurting. While she was undergoing radiation interventions at a malignant neoplastic disease clinic, her physician at that place stated that she should utilize Advil to assist with her hurting and that the authorities was checking down on agenda drugs that were prescribed. My response to this is, if malignant neoplastic disease patients ca n't acquire the necessary hurting medicines they urgently need, yet nuts can acquire all they want, so there is something really incorrect with this state we live i n and our wellness attention system.Decision.What is of import to acknowledge and go cognizant of about prescription drug maltreatment is that it is much the same as other signifiers of illegal drug maltreatment such as cocaine or diacetylmorphine, and no 1 is immune. It can be merely as unsafe and lifelessly as other illicit drugs, and affects persons of all ages, races, gender, and socio-economic backgrounds. It can besides destruct households, occupations, and places every bit good as holding fatal wellness effects. In fact, usage of prescription drugs now causes more deceases than diacetylmorphine and cocaine combined, harmonizing to the U.S. Drug Enforcement Administration.† 9 ) ( Treatment Solutions Network, 2009 ) . Furthermore, with the recent tragic and ill-timed deceases of famous persons such as Michael Jackson, Anna Nicole Smith, and Heath Ledger related to prescription drug maltreatment, I feel this job is eventually being brought to the head and exposed, conveying a much needed consciousness to the dangers and effects of mistreating prescription drugs.Mentions:1 ) Pat Moore Foundation | Prescription Drug Abuse. ( n.d. ) . . Retrieved December 6, 2009, from hypertext transfer protocol: //www.patmoorefoundation.com/prescription-drug-abuse 2 M.D, Volkow, N. ( 2005 ) . NIDA – Research Report Series – Prescription Drugs: Maltreatment and Addiction. Retrieved December 6, 2009, from hypertext transfer protocol: //www.drugabuse.gov/ResearchReports/Prescription/Prescription.html 3 ) Prescription Drug Abuse Information | Drug Rehab Programs. ( 2009 ) . . Retrieved December 6, 2009, from hypertext transfer protocol: //www.prescription-drug-abuse.org/ 4 ) Thibodeau, D. ( 2009, October 20 ) . Prescription drug maltreatment now tops illegal drug usage | GoDanRiver. Retrieved December 7, 2009, from hypertext transfer protocol: //www2.godanriver.com/gdr/news/local/danville_news/article/prescription_drug_abuse_now_tops_illegal_drug_use/14771/ 5 ) Drug Addiction – Doctor Shopping – Chronic Pain Medication Addiction. ( 2009 ) . . Retrieved December 6, 2009, from hypertext transfer protocol: //www.drug-addiction.com/doctor_shopping.htm 6 ) Prescription Drug Abuse Chart – Drugs of Abuse and Related Topics – NIDA. ( 2009 ) . . Retrieved December 6, 2009, from hypertext transfer protocol: //www.nida.nih.gov/DrugPages/PrescripDrugsChart.html 7 ) Mayo Clinic. ( 2008 ) . Prescription drug maltreatment – MSN Health & A ; Fitness – Addiction|Quit Smoking. Retrieved December 6, 2009, from hypertext transfer protocol: //health.msn.com/health-topics/addiction/articlepage.aspx? cp-documentid=100211994 8 ) Silverman, MD, S. M. , & A ; Brown, MD, L. ( 2009 ) . Prescription Drug Abuse: In the US and Florida. Retrieved December 7, 2009, from hypertext transfer protocol: //www.hgexperts.com/article.asp? id=6649 9 ) Treatment Solutions Network. ( 2009 ) . Prescription Drug Abuse and Addiction. Retrieved December 6, 2009, from hypertext transfer protocol: //www.treatmentsolutionsnetwork.com/prescription-drug-abuse.html Prescription Drug Abuse The audience I will be addressing is parents, caregivers and school educators about the dangers of prescription drugs and how we can better educate teenagers and young adults on the dangers of abusing them. There are many ways that we can teach and educate our teenagers and young adults, but it’s important that families, schools and communities are involved. The rate of prescription drug overdose among teenagers and young adults have sky rocketed over the past several years. This has become a growing epidemic and if we don’t step in and do something, this problem will only get worse. No parent or caregiver ever wants to lose a child and it can be especial harder knowing that you could have helped prevent it. Some people say it’s the schools job to education this subject and others say that education starts at home. Where can our parents/caregivers get the information they need to help better understand the problem itself and to help safe guard their children? Who would be the best influence to talk to our teens and young adults? In my essay I will explain why it’s so important that schools and parents/caregivers need to both educate and talk to our young adults and teens. 205) Kara Gordon Prescription Drug Abuse among Teens and Young Adults Prescription drug misuse and overdose among teens and young adults is one of the fastest growing health epidemics in the United States. While there has been a marked decrease in the use of some illegal drugs like cocaine, data from the National Survey on Drug Use and Health (NSDUH) show that nearly one-third of p eople aged 12 and over whom used drugs for the first time began by using a prescription drug non-medically. The amount of controlled substances dispensed and used non medically is scary considering that the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) reported that opioid drugs, including oxycodone and hydrocodone, caused more than 15,500 overdose deaths in 2010 and that number is increasing. Parents/caregivers and educators need to action and educate our children before it’s too late. Informing teens and young adults about the dangers of taking prescription drugs that don’t belong to them could save their lives. Teens and young adults have chosen prescription drugs as their drug of choice because it is less expensive as illegal drugs like cocaine or marijuana, and more easily accessible. All they need to do is walk into their own bathroom and look into the medicine cabinet. It’s sitting in plain sight for the taking. They don’t realize the danger of taking prescription drugs that were not prescribed to them. They think because it was prescribed by a doctor that it must be safe. Teens and young adults also feel that, †Parents don’t care as much if they get caught using prescription drugs, without a doctor’s prescription, than they do if they get caught using illegal drugs† (PR Newswire 4/23/13) like cocaine or marijuana. The most commonly known and used prescription pills that teens and young adults abuse are Vicodin, Oxycontin, Adderall, and Ritalin. There are also designer drugs such as â€Å"K2†, â€Å"Spice† and â€Å"bath salts. † These designer drugs can be extremely dangerous because they haven’t been tested or approved and you are basically experimenting on your own body. When teens and young adults use these types of prescription drugs, most people think that they are looking to get high. This is not always the case. â€Å"Teens abuse prescription drugs for a number of reasons, including to get high, to treat pain, or because they think it will help them with school work. Boys and girls tend to abuse some types of prescription drugs for many different reasons. † (Bethesda) Like, boys are more likely to abuse prescription stimulants to get high, while girls tend to abuse them to stay alert or to lose weight. Teens and young adults realize when they have taken to many pills until it’s too late. â€Å"Some of the signs or symptoms they may poses are an altered mental state, confusion, slurred speech excited delirium or agitation, sweating and out of control. †(Knudson) They may be unable to breathe on their own. If you notice any of these symptoms you should take them to the emergency room immediately. It is better to have them looked at by a physician than not at all. As parents and caregivers it’s your job to make sure that your prescription drugs are stored in their proper place at your home. Just like guns, they need to be locked up and out of reach of your loved ones. Therefore does not provide them the opportunity or means to get them. We also need to â€Å"take the opportunity to clean out our medicine cabinets and safely dispose of unwanted drugs. † (PR Newswire 2013) There are several ways that you can properly dispose of your prescriptions drugs and one way is to use medication disposal envelopes. This is a postage-paid envelope that allows people to mail their unwanted or unused prescriptions to a licensed, secure facility for safe destruction. Another way is through a National Drug Take Back Day. Communities will hold these take back days to provide a safe, convenient and secure means of drug disposal. This is usually run by law enforcement or municipal agencies. Education is also a key ingredient to help protecting our children from prescription drug abuse. Almost a decade ago schools were more focused on keeping students from misusing alcohol and illegal street drugs like ecstasy, heroin and cocaine that there was never a concern to even speak about prescription drugs. After a study held by the Centers of Disease Control in 2009, it showed that teens as early as eleven years old were taking prescription medicine at was not prescribed to them. â€Å"Prevention of adolescent drug use has never been more important and response to this alarming trend, â€Å"Wake UP† was formed as a community education campaign to raise awareness of the dangers of abusing prescription drugs and to prevent first time use by teens and young adults. (PR Newswire 2012) This program was created by The Pain Truth, a charitable organization that started two years ago as an effort to education our children to make better decisions when opportunities of prescription drug abuse are given. This campaign is provided to all schools and communities at no cost. â€Å"Misuse and abuse of prescription drugs knows no boundaries and requires a comprehensive response that engages all elements and influencers of a teenager’s life. † This was stated by Paul Barsky, the head of Upper School at Francis Parker School. What better way to sum up this essay. There are thousands of teens and young adults out there abusing prescription drugs right now. It is our job as parents, caregivers, and educators to do everything in our power to teach our teens and young adults everything we can about the dangers of prescription drug abuse. The Substance Abuse and Mental Health Services Administration, Office of Applied Studies in 2012 reported that among Indiana residents ages 12 to 17, 8. 2% used prescription pain medications for nonmedical purposes in the past year; Indiana’s percentage was statistically similar to the nation’s 6. %. The Indiana College Substance Use Survey that was conducted in 2011 showed 11. 3% of Indiana College students used prescription medications not prescribed to them in the past year, with 6. 2% currently using and 3. 8% of Indiana college students misused their prescription medication in the past year, with 1. 4% of students reporting current misuse. That is why it is so important that we reach out to our children and communicate and education them as best we can. You never know that the next child’s life that is saved could be our own. (1069) Prescription Drug Abuse Introduction.When we think of drug nuts and maltreatment we usually think of people who take the common street drugs such as cocaine, cleft, heroine, or other illegal drugs. However most people do n't recognize or take earnestly the turning figure of maltreaters of prescription drugs presently in our state. There is a common misconception that merely because a physician prescribes a certain drug that that is someway safer and different than utilizing the alleged street drugs. After all, you are being given a prescription to take the drug by your doctor, and it is non illegal or a offense. However, we must recognize that dependence is n't limited to merely illicit drugs on the street, but frequently doctor prescribed medicines as good. Prescription drugs have improved and saved infinite Numberss of lives over the old ages as many new discoveries have been achieved in scientific discipline and medical specialty in handling a assortment of known diseases. â€Å"However, utilizing these drugs without the supervising of a doctor or for intents different from their intended usage can take to serious inauspicious effects, including decease from overdose and physical dependence. Because many prescription drugs are frequently opiate based, when abused, these drugs can be as habit-forming and unsafe as illegal drugs.† 1 ) ( Pat Moore Foundation | Prescription Drug Abuse, 2009 ) . Harmonizing to ( M.D, Volkow, 2005 ) , manager at the National Institute on Drug Abuse, 2 ) â€Å"an estimated 48 million people ( ages 12 and older ) , have used prescription drugs for non-medical grounds, which represents about 20 per centum of the U.S. population.† Additionally, 3 ) â€Å"in 2000, approximately 43 per centum of infirmary exigency admittances for drug overdoses ( about 500,000 people ) happened because of misused prescription drugs, and in â€Å"2006 entirely, 700,000 exigency room visits were attributed to prescription drug overdoses.† 4 ) ( Thibodeau, 2009 ) . This type of drug maltreatment is increasing at an dismaying rate because of their widespread handiness, including online pharmaceuticss which have made it much easier for anyone regardless of age to get drugs without a prescription. ( Prescription Drug Abuse Information | Drug Rehab Programs, 2009 ) . 3 ) â€Å"One of the most common and primary methods of obtaining prescription drugs by nuts is by physician shopping harmonizing to the Drug Enforcement Administration ( DEA ) .†5 ) This method refers to a individual who continually searches out different physicians to order the same medicines in order to feed their dependences. I think most of us either know or have known persons or even household members who have resorted to this type of behaviour in order to acquire prescription drugs for this intent. The most common types of drugs that are frequently abused are cardinal nervous system sedatives such as benzodiazepines or tranquillizers, often prescribed for anxiousness and kiping upsets, opioids and narcotics for hurting alleviation, and stimulations such as those given for attending shortage hyperactivity upset, ( ADHD ) , narcolepsy, and fleshiness. 6 ) ( Prescription Drug Abuse Chart – Drugs of Abuse and Related Topics – NIDA, 2009 ) â€Å"For illustration, U.S. prescriptions for stimulations ( including those taken for ADHD ) increased from around 5 million in 1991 to about 35 million in 2007. Prescriptions for opioid analgesics such as oxycodone ( OxyContin ) and hydrocodone ( Vicodin ) increased from 40 million in 1991 to 180 million in 2007.† 7 ) ( Mayo Clinic, 2008 ) . I feel the grounds for this important addition in prescription drug maltreatment is simple. We live in a society today that tells you a pill can bring around and work out all of your jobs no affair what they are. All we have to make is turn on the telecasting and see the changeless barrage of advertizements for the latest prescription drugs on the market. As a consequence, the pharmaceutical industry is doing one million millions of dollars off of people and is surely non traveling to kick, therefore encouraging and driving the epidemic even more. Furthermore, these drugs are comparatively easy to obtain and are socially acceptable by the huge bulk of the public compared to illegal drugs. In merely the past several old ages, we have seen the outgrowth and proliferation of many â€Å"pain clinics† throughout the United States. Although non all are bad, some of these installations as stated by 8 ) ( Silverman & A ; Brown, MD, 2009 ) , â€Å"are frequently non-physician owned and run merely inside the jurisprudence. The doctors who pattern in these installations are seldom accredited through board enfranchisement processes, and many take no insurance and publicize confidential, hard currency merely services. Some even advertise armed guards in the waiting suites. With no inadvertence, these installations serve as a beginning for a uninterrupted supply of controlled substances to frequently times addicted and sometimes naAA?ve people. It is non uncommon to happen patients of these installations having 10s of 1000s of mgs of opioid medicines each month.† With these types of plans and clinics runing and promoting such drug maltreatment, I feel that the people who truly necessitate these medicines are frequently the 1s who suffer, such as persons with painful terminal diseases and unwellnesss like malignant neoplastic disease. I experienced this first-hand with my mother several old ages ago when she was diagnosed with terminal lung malignant neoplastic disease that had metastasized to her castanetss, and impotently watched her suffer from hurting. While she was undergoing radiation interventions at a malignant neoplastic disease clinic, her physician at that place stated that she should utilize Advil to assist with her hurting and that the authorities was checking down on agenda drugs that were prescribed. My response to this is, if malignant neoplastic disease patients ca n't acquire the necessary hurting medicines they urgently need, yet nuts can acquire all they want, so there is something really incorrect with this state we live i n and our wellness attention system.Decision.What is of import to acknowledge and go cognizant of about prescription drug maltreatment is that it is much the same as other signifiers of illegal drug maltreatment such as cocaine or diacetylmorphine, and no 1 is immune. It can be merely as unsafe and lifelessly as other illicit drugs, and affects persons of all ages, races, gender, and socio-economic backgrounds. It can besides destruct households, occupations, and places every bit good as holding fatal wellness effects. In fact, usage of prescription drugs now causes more deceases than diacetylmorphine and cocaine combined, harmonizing to the U.S. Drug Enforcement Administration.† 9 ) ( Treatment Solutions Network, 2009 ) . Furthermore, with the recent tragic and ill-timed deceases of famous persons such as Michael Jackson, Anna Nicole Smith, and Heath Ledger related to prescription drug maltreatment, I feel this job is eventually being brought to the head and exposed, conveying a much needed consciousness to the dangers and effects of mistreating prescription drugs.Mentions:1 ) Pat Moore Foundation | Prescription Drug Abuse. ( n.d. ) . . Retrieved December 6, 2009, from hypertext transfer protocol: //www.patmoorefoundation.com/prescription-drug-abuse 2 M.D, Volkow, N. ( 2005 ) . NIDA – Research Report Series – Prescription Drugs: Maltreatment and Addiction. Retrieved December 6, 2009, from hypertext transfer protocol: //www.drugabuse.gov/ResearchReports/Prescription/Prescription.html 3 ) Prescription Drug Abuse Information | Drug Rehab Programs. ( 2009 ) . . Retrieved December 6, 2009, from hypertext transfer protocol: //www.prescription-drug-abuse.org/ 4 ) Thibodeau, D. ( 2009, October 20 ) . Prescription drug maltreatment now tops illegal drug usage | GoDanRiver. Retrieved December 7, 2009, from hypertext transfer protocol: //www2.godanriver.com/gdr/news/local/danville_news/article/prescription_drug_abuse_now_tops_illegal_drug_use/14771/ 5 ) Drug Addiction – Doctor Shopping – Chronic Pain Medication Addiction. ( 2009 ) . . Retrieved December 6, 2009, from hypertext transfer protocol: //www.drug-addiction.com/doctor_shopping.htm 6 ) Prescription Drug Abuse Chart – Drugs of Abuse and Related Topics – NIDA. ( 2009 ) . . Retrieved December 6, 2009, from hypertext transfer protocol: //www.nida.nih.gov/DrugPages/PrescripDrugsChart.html 7 ) Mayo Clinic. ( 2008 ) . Prescription drug maltreatment – MSN Health & A ; Fitness – Addiction|Quit Smoking. Retrieved December 6, 2009, from hypertext transfer protocol: //health.msn.com/health-topics/addiction/articlepage.aspx? cp-documentid=100211994 8 ) Silverman, MD, S. M. , & A ; Brown, MD, L. ( 2009 ) . Prescription Drug Abuse: In the US and Florida. Retrieved December 7, 2009, from hypertext transfer protocol: //www.hgexperts.com/article.asp? id=6649 9 ) Treatment Solutions Network. ( 2009 ) . Prescription Drug Abuse and Addiction. Retrieved December 6, 2009, from hypertext transfer protocol: //www.treatmentsolutionsnetwork.com/prescription-drug-abuse.html